TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of girls aged 9–11 y randomly assigned to ZN or CON groups1
| ZN group (n = 75) | CON group (n = 72) | P2 | |
| Age, y | 10.6 ± 0.7 | 10.5 ± 0.7 | 0.62 |
| Race, white/black3 | 40/35 | 40/32 | 0.87 |
| Pubertal maturation stage (1–5) | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.66 |
| Height, cm | 148 ± 6.8 | 149 ± 6.6 | 0.68 |
| Weight, kg | 46.8 ± 11.6 | 47.3 ± 10.9 | 0.79 |
| BMI percentile | 74.4 ± 26.3 | 75.8 ± 26.0 | 0.76 |
| BMI percentile category3 | 0.72 | ||
| Not overweight | 53 | 47 | |
| Overweight | 21 | 22 | |
| Obese | 26 | 31 | |
| Dietary intake4 | |||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1849 ± 718 | 1757 ± 661 | 0.37 |
| Calcium, mg/d | 699 ± 381 | 661 ± 356 | 0.54 |
| Vitamin D, μg/d | 2.9 ± 2.5 | 2.9 ± 2.8 | 0.96 |
| Zinc, mg/d | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 4.7 ± 2.3 | 0.48 |
| Biochemical measurements | |||
| Plasma zinc, μmol/L | 12.0 ± 3.2 | 12.1 ± 3.3 | 0.86 |
| Plasma zinc status3 | 0.43 | ||
| Normal range (10.7–16.8 μmol/L) | 52 | 49 | |
| Low range (<10.7 μmol/L) | 43 | 40 | |
| Ceruloplasmin activity, IU/L | 92.1 ± 25.1 | 87.3 ± 20.2 | 0.21 |
| Plasma IGF-I, μg/L | 415 ± 233 | 400 ± 258 | 0.72 |
| Bone formation markers | |||
| Serum P1NP, μg/L | 704 ± 188 | 709 ± 243 | 0.90 |
| Serum osteocalcin, μg/L | 32.0 ± 9.2 | 33.3 ± 9.1 | 0.40 |
| Bone resorption markers | |||
| Serum ICTP, μg/L | 24.2 ± 6.6 | 24.7 ± 6.5 | 0.73 |
| Urinary PYD/C, nmol/mmol | 102 ± 39.1 | 98.6 ± 40.1 | 0.64 |
| Urinary DPD/C, nmol/mmol | 29.6 ± 9.7 | 29.6 ± 11.0 | 0.99 |
1
Values are means ± SDs or %. CON, control; DPD/C, deoxypyridinoline/creatinine; ICTP, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor I; P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide; PYD/C, pyridinoline/creatinine; ZN, zinc.
2
Tests of significance between groups were based on independent-samples t test unless otherwise indicated.
3
Tests of significance between groups were based on chi-square test.