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. 2015 Nov 10;2015:631737. doi: 10.1155/2015/631737

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of shikonin on the proliferation of RA synovial fibroblasts and production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. Cells were synchronized and incubated with shikonin at various concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Data were expressed as the percentage relative to the untreated control samples, and each value was expressed as mean ± SD for three independent experiments by GraphPad Prism Software Version 5.0 (a). Synovial fibroblasts in the presence of 10 ng/mL IL-1β induction were treated with shikonin at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 μM) for 24 h in serum-free DMEM medium. After treatments, the cell-free medium and RA synovial fibroblasts were collected to evaluate the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, and MMP-3 by their corresponding ELISA kits, respectively (b), and the expression of SOCS3 (c) and NR024118 (d) was determined by RT-RCR. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 versus control. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus IL-1β.