Table 3.

Comparison of changes in VAS over time for each treatment group.

Measure	Groups	Baseline mean ± SD	Post 1 mean (95% CI)	Post 2 mean (95% CI)	Follow-up mean (95% CI)	Follow-up versus baseline		Post 1 versus baseline		Post 2 versus baseline
						Mean difference (95% CI)b	P value	Mean difference (95% CI)b	P value	Mean difference (95% CI)b	P value
VAS	DN-S	33.8 ± 11.7	39.7 (28.4 to 51.0)	36.0 (24.0 to 48.0)	13.3 (3.9 to 22.7)	20.5 (7.0 to 33.9)	0.001∗	−5.9 (−5.9 to 17.7)	1.0	−2.1 (−14.1 to 18.4)	1.0
	STT	50.2 ± 17.7	38.2 (26.0 to 49.4)	30.1 (18.0 to 42.1)	34.3 (24.9 to 43.7)	15.9 (2.4 to 15.0)	0.001∗	−12.0 (−23.9 to −0.2)	0.04∗	−20.1 (−36.4 to −3.8)	0.01∗
	OMT	42.1 ± 16.3	29.8 (18.5 to 41.1)	23.0 (10.8 to 35.0)	9.4 (0.03 to 18.8)	32.7 (19.3 to 46.2)	0.001∗	−12.3 (−24.2 to −0.4)	0.03∗	−19.2 (−35.5 to −3.0)	0.01∗

VAS = visual analog scale, DN-S = dry needling + stretching, STT = soft tissue techniques, OMT = orthopedic manual therapy, and 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. ^∗ P < 0.05.

^bMean diff = difference among groups for the least squares mean (adjusted for baseline and missing data).