Table 5.
Nonparametric tests of outcome data of cervical ROM (flexion and extension).
| Variable | Groups | Median (interquartile range) Range of motion (ROM) in grades |
Friedman ANOVA |
Wilcoxon (a) Base versus post 1 (b) Base versus post 2 (c) Base versus follow-up |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post 1 |
Post 2 |
Follow- up |
||||
| Flexion | DN-S | 38.7 (35.6–40) | 40 (30.2–49.37) | 41.2 (37–46.9) | 45 (40–49.4) | 0.085 | (a) 0.448 (b) 0.079 (c) 0.009 |
| STT | 40.0 (30.6–49.4) | 46.2 (35–58.1) | 50 (32.2–56.9) | 40.5 (32.5–50) | 0.692 | (a) 0.325 (b) 0.108 (c) 0.674 |
|
| OMT | 40.0 (31.5–47.5) | 45.7 (35–55) | 50 (50–55) | 52.5 (47.5–60) | 0.017 | (a) 0.031 (b) 0.007 (c) 0.008 |
|
| K-W | 0.804 | 0.626 | 0.070 | 0.036 | |||
| Mann-Whitney U test | |||||||
|
DN-S versus STT DN-S versus OMT STT versus OMT |
0.557 0.883 0.597 |
0.467 0.369 0.816 |
0.338 0.009 0.517 |
0.622 0.014 0.046 |
|||
|
| |||||||
| Extension | DN-S | 46.25 (33.7–51) | 50.7 (40–59.4) | 50 (40.2–59.7) | 50 (41.7–60) | 0.193 | (a) 0.169 (b) 0.154 (c) 0.054 |
| STT | 42.5 (27.5–60) | 41.2 (30.6–50) | 45 (40–58.7) | 50 (45.6–50.7) | 0.633 | (a) 0.580 (b) 0.635 (c) 0.422 |
|
| OMT | 48.75 (40–70) | 50 (40–75) | 62.5 (50–65) | 60 (57.5–63.7) | 0.846 | (a) 0.526 (b) 0.477 (c) 0.074 |
|
| K-W | 0.491 | 0.332 | 0.080 | 0.005 | |||
| Mann-Whitney U test | |||||||
|
DN-S versus STT DN-S versus OMT STT versus OMT |
0.794 0.257 0.381 |
0.210 0.816 0.195 |
0.839 0.044 0.062 |
0.726 0.022 0.001 |
|||
DN-S = dry needling + stretching, STT = soft tissue techniques, and OMT = orthopedic manual therapy.
K-W = Kruskal-Wallis test.