Table 6.
Nonparametric tests of outcome data of cervical ROM (side-bending and rotation).
| Variable | Groups | Median (interquartile range) Range of motion (ROM) |
Friedman ANOVA |
Wilcoxon (a) Base versus post 1 (b) Base versus post 2 (c) Base versus follow-up |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post 1 |
Post 2 |
Follow- up |
||||
| Side-bending | DN-S | 66.2 (50–71.9) | 62.2 (60–75.6) | 70 (62.9–78.7) | 70 (63.7–78.7) | 0.005 | (a) 0.858 (b) 0.028 (c) 0.014 |
| STT | 75 (61.2–81.9) | 72 (68.1–77.5) | 80.5 (70–95.6) | 70.5 (68.9–80.6) | 0.062 | (a) 0.724 (b) 0.008 (c) 0.637 |
|
| OMT | 80.2 (60.1–80.5) | 70 (70–72.5) | 80.5 (70–86) | 80 (70–95) | 0.019 | (a) 0.345 (b) 0.454 (c) 0.062 |
|
| K-W | 0.318 | 0.238 | 0.270 | 0.182 | |||
| Mann-Whitney U test | |||||||
|
1 versus 2 1 versus 3 2 versus 3 |
0.154 0.257 0.543 |
0.098 0.268 0.597 |
0.104 0.324 0.602 |
0.663 0.092 0.154 |
|||
|
| |||||||
| Rotation | DN-S | 105 (88.1–116.9) | 107.7 (92.5–122.5) | 110.2 (89.9–129.4) | 117.5 (96.2–131.9) | 0.043 | (a) 0.420 (b) 0.033 (c) 0.059 |
| STT | 110 (102.5–123) | 113.7 (106.2–120) | 120 (110–129.6) | 100 (87.5–120) | 0.290 | (a) 0.919 (b) 0.054 (c) 0.455 |
|
| OMT | 110 (110–116.9) | 120 (106.2–120) | 129.5 (124–139.4) | 120.7 (99.5–133.7) | 0.000 | (a) 0.279 (b) 0.002 (c) 0.033 |
|
| K-W | |||||||
| Mann-Whitney U test | 0.586 | 0.605 | 0.092 | 0.191 | |||
|
1 versus 2 1 versus 3 2 versus 3 |
0.295 0.598 0.653 |
0.418 0.447 0.514 |
0.325 0.040 0.164 |
0.236 0.664 0.068 |
|||
DN-S = dry needling + stretching, STT = soft tissue techniques, and OMT = orthopedic manual therapy.
K-W = Kruskal-Wallis test.