Table 2.
Distribution of labor and delivery observations by facility, provider, and client characteristics
| Observation characteristics | Ethiopia (N = 192) | Kenya (N = 626) | Zanzibar (N = 217) | Rwanda (N = 293) | Madagascar (N = 347) | Tanzania (N = 489) | Total (N = 2164) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health facility type | |||||||
| Hospital | 100.0 % | 85.8 % | 85.3 % | 82.3 % | 81.0 % | 39.9 % | 75.4 % |
| Health center/ dispensary | 0.0 % | 14.2 % | 14.7 % | 17.7 % | 19.0 % | 60.1 % | 24.6 % |
| Provider cadre1 | |||||||
| Doctor | 20.3 % | 1.1 % | 0.5 % | 2.0 % | 18.7 % | 2.5 % | 6.0 % |
| Nurse/ midwife | 71.4 % | 97.3 % | 94.0 % | 88.7 % | 74.4 % | 86.5 % | 87.4 % |
| Student | 4.7 % | 0.0 % | 0.5 % | 4.4 % | 6.1 % | 2.0 % | 2.5 % |
| Unskilled | 0.0 % | 1.6 % | 1.8 % | 0.7 % | 0.3 % | 8.4 % | 2.7 % |
| Other/ missing | 3.6 % | 0.0 % | 3.2 % | 4.1 % | 0.6 % | 0.6 % | 1.4 % |
| Provider gender2 | |||||||
| Male | 44.3 % | 16.7 % | 0.5 % | 10.9 % | 12.1 % | 5.0 % | 13.5 % |
| Female | 55.7 % | 83.3 % | 99.5 % | 89.1 % | 87.9 % | 95.0 % | 86.5 % |
| Client gravidity3 | |||||||
| Primigravida | 23.0 % | 37.5 % | 31.1 % | 22.3 % | 28.0 % | ||
| Multigravida | 77.0 % | 62.5 % | 68.9 % | 77.7 % | 72.0 % | ||
1 Physician/resident includes: general practitioners, obstetricians, gynecologists, other specialists, residents; assistant medical officers in Tanzania and Zanzibar. Nurse/midwife includes: bachelor of science and diploma nurses, registered and enrolled nurses, bachelor of science and diploma midwives, registered and enrolled midwives, nurse/midwives; nursing officers and MCHA in Tanzania and Zanzibar; paramedics in Madagascar; health officers in Ethiopia. Student includes: medical and nursing students. Non-qualified staff includes: medical attendants, health assistants, and traditional birth attendants. Other/missing category in Kenya includes students
2 Gender missing for 43 observations.
3 Gravidity not collected in Ethiopia and Kenya, missing for 4 observations