Table 4.
Risk of bias in randomized control trials
| Abramsky (2014) [6] | Green (2015) [27] | Gupta (2013) [28] | Hidrobo (2013) [29] | Hossain (2014) [30] | Jewkes (2008) [31] | Kim (2007) [33] | Kim (2009) [34] | Kyegombe (2014) [35] | Pronyk (2006) [37] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | ||||||||||
| Prospective identification of intervention and comparison groups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial1 | Yes | Yes |
| Baseline and follow-up measurement of intervention and comparison groups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes |
| Selection bias | ||||||||||
| Sample size calculation | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | NR | Yes2 | Yes3 | NR | NR | Yes3 |
| Random sequence generation4 | Yes | Yes + 5 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes+ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Allocation concealment | Yes6 | No | No | NR | NR | No | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Blinding of outcome assessment | NR | NR | No | NR | No | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Detection bias | ||||||||||
| Consistent outcome measurement across intervention and comparison groups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Analysis | ||||||||||
| Statistical control for confounding | Yes | Yes | No7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Intention to treat analysis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | NR | Yes | NR |
| Reporting bias | ||||||||||
| Complete reporting of outcomes described in methods in results | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Reporting bias: conflicts of interest | ||||||||||
| Implementation and analysis independent from funders | NR | NR | Yes | NR | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | NR | Yes |
| Reporting bias: adherence to recommendations for IPV research | ||||||||||
| Age ≥15 for IPV questions | Yes | No | Yes | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | NR |
| IPV-specific training for interviewers | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | Yes | NR | Yes | Yes | NR | Yes |
| IPV referral information or protocols | Yes | NR | Yes | NR | Yes | NR | Yes | NR | Yes | NR |
NR not reported
1The authors did not report baseline measurement for the microfinance only intervention
2A sample size calculation was performed for HIV incidence, not IPV
3A sample size calculation was performed, but investigators were not able to enroll a sufficient number of clusters to adhere to minimum sample size calculations
4 NR not reported, Yes = randomization reported, and Yes + = randomization and randomly generated allocation sequence reported
5A public lottery was used for WINGS v. control, and a randomization algorithm was used for W+ v. WINGS
6Interviewers were blinded to allocation at baseline, not follow-up
7The authors report that no covariates were included in intention to treat analyses because randomization was successful