Table 4.

Multivariate analyses by periods and by regions

	Height-for-age z-score		Weight-for-age z-score
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	1993–1997	2000–2009	1993–1997	2000–2009
Only control for residence
Urban residency	0.25***	0.19***	0.11*	0.04
Only control for Hukou
Urban hukou	0.33***	0.15***	0.21***	0.05
Without interaction
Urban residency	0.07	0.15***	−0.04	0.03
Urban hukou	0.29***	0.08*	0.24***	0.04
With interaction
Urban residency	−0.12	0.15*	−0.11	0.04
Urban hukou	0.20***	0.06	0.20**	0.04
Urban residency × urban hukou	0.29***	0.00	0.11	−0.02
N	4588	5028	1998	1527
	Coastal Regions	Non-Coastal Regions	Coastal Regions	Non-Coastal Regions
Only control for residence
Urban residency	0.18***	0.26***	0.08	0.10*
Only control for Hukou
Urban hukou	0.32***	0.21***	0.26***	0.10*
Without interaction
Urban residency	0.00	0.19***	−0.10	0.08
Urban hukou	0.32***	0.10**	0.31***	0.05
With interaction
Urban residency	−0.21*	0.07	−0.39*	0.02
Urban hukou	0.27***	0.04	0.26***	0.02
Urban residency × urban hukou	0.27*	0.19**	0.36	0.10
N	3434	6182	1180	2345

(i) * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01; (ii) other control variables include child’s characteristics as age, gender, nationality, student status, and indicators of living with mother, father, or grandparents; household characteristics as household income, gender of household head, and household size; mother’s characteristics if present in the survey, such as mother’s age, height, BMI, education, and an indicator for the presence of mother in the survey; father’s characteristics if present in the survey, such as father’s age, height, BMI, education, and an indicator for the presence of father in the survey; indicators of provinces; and a constant, which are not reported here