Table 2.

The neuropsychological assessment battery

Variables	Measurement	Description
General intelligence (IQ)	The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd ed. (WISC-III), short form	The test provides three IQ measures: full scale (FIQ), verbal (VIQ) and performance (PIQ) scores
Executive function	Attention and speed measured by Coding (W), Symbol search (W), Trail making 1 (D-KEFS).	(D-KEFS) = subtest from the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function Systems, yielding a scaled score with a mean of 10 ± 3.
	Working memory measured by Digit span (W), Block repetition (WA)	(W) = subtest from WISC-III.
	Cognitive flexibility measured by Trail making 3, Verbal fluency, Design fluency, Colour-word 3, all from D-KEFS	(WA) = subtest from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised (WAIS-R)
	Complex executive function measured by Sorting and Colour-word 4 from D-KEFS
Episodic memory, visuospatial	Face recognition	Examiner presents 24 pictures for 3 sec each. After 30 min, subjects are shown the 24 earlier presented faces, assembled together with 24 new faces, for 5 sec, for a forced yes–no recognition task
Episodic memory, verbal	Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVL), learning and retention	Examiner reads 15 words and subject repeats all the words that he/she can remember; five repeated trials. After 30 min delay, the participant is asked to again recall the words, rendering a retention score
Verbal function	Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI from WISC-III)	Subtests Similarities and Vocabulary.
	Proverb test (D-KEFS)	Interpret proverbs in own words.
	Boston naming test	60 line drawings of objects graded from easy to difficult/unusual words.
	Rapid naming test	Original test. Subject is asked to name 30 objects pictured on a chart as quickly as possible
Visuo-motor functions	Visuo-Motor Integration Test (VMI)	Copy designs
	Trail making 1 (D-KEFS)	Draw a line between numbers