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. 2015 Nov 10;23(14):1076–1091. doi: 10.1089/ars.2015.6329

FIG. 6.

FIG. 6.

FA decreases hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy, RVP increase, and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Mice were placed for 2 weeks under hypoxia (10% oxygen, Hx) or normoxia (Nx/Ctr) with or without supplementation of FA (5 mg/kg/day). (A) RV size was macroscopically estimated by determining the angle between the RIV and RDM. (B) Gross heart morphology was macroscopically observed. (C) FFPE heart sections were stained with Giemsa. (D) FFPE lung sections were stained with an antibody against α-SMA. Bar 100 μm; arrows indicate α-SMA-positive vessels. (E) The (RV) was separated from the LV and S and weighed. The RV/LV+S ratio was determined [n = 5; *p < 0.05, (1−β) = 1 vs. CtrCtr; #p < 0.05, (1−β) ≥0.999 vs. HxCtr]. (F) RVP was determined hemodynamically [n = 5; *p < 0.05, (1−β) ≥0.966 vs. CtrCtr; #p < 0.05, (1−β) ≥0.8 vs. HxCtr]. (G) α-SMA-positive small- and medium-sized arterioles (<80 μm) were counted and related to the total number of arterioles of the same diameter [n = 6; *p < 0.05, (1−β) = 1 vs. CtrCtr; #p < 0.05, (1−β) = 1 vs. HxCtr]. α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; LV, left ventricle; RDM, right marginal coronary artery; RIV, left descending interventricular artery; RV, right ventricle; RVP, right ventricular pressure; S, septum. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars.