FIG. 4.

EBSS-activated autophagy mitigated OSS-induced mitochondrial O₂^•− production. (A) HAECs were exposed to OSS in DMEM/1% FBS (control) or in EBSS for 4 h. MtO₂^•− production was measured by the MitoSox Red fluorescent intensity. EBSS attenuated OSS-induced MitoSox Red intensity (p<0.05, n=4). (B) HAECs were transfected with scrambled siRNA or ATG5 siRNA for 48 h, and then were exposed to static condition or OSS. Knockdown of ATG5 augmented OSS-induced MitoSox Red intensity (p=0.059, n=4). To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars