FIG. 6.

OSS induced mtDNA damage. (A) Immunofluorescent staining revealed mtDNA damage. HAECs exposed to OSS (4 h) developed a prominent intensity for anti 8-OHdG (green) as an indicator for DNA damage, which colocalized with anti-cytochrome C (red) for mitochondria. DAPI (blue) stained for nuclei. (B) HAECs were exposed to OSS versus PSS for 4 h, and mtDNA damage was measured by quantitative PCR. OSS induced a 4.5-fold increase in mtDNA damage (p<0.001, n=4), and PSS induced an insignificant increase (p>0.05, n=3). (C) OSS induces negligible nuclear DNA damage. Tail moment analysis of Comet assay (CometScore software) revealed an insignificant difference in nuclear DNA damage between static and OSS conditions (p=0.9, n=3). 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars