. 2015 Aug;24(3):480–503. doi: 10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0198

Table A1.

Summary of empirical studies using caregiver reports to assess between-groups (children who stutter [CWS] vs. children who do not stutter [CWNS]) differences in attention.

Study	Caregiver measure	Participants			Findings ^a
Study	Caregiver measure	CWS (n)	CWNS (n)	Age range (years;months)	Findings ^a
Anderson et al. (2003)	BSQ	31	31	3;0–5;4	• CWS exhibited lower scores on the Distractibility subscale.
Anderson et al. (2003)					• Between-groups differences approached significance, with CWS exhibiting higher scores on the Attention Span/Persistence subscale.
Anderson & Wagovich (2010)	CBQ-SF	9	14	3;6–5;2	• No group differences were found on the Attention Focusing subscale.
Eggers et al. (2010)	CBQ-D	58	58	3;4–8;11	• CWS exhibited lower attention shifting scores compared with CWNS.
Eggers et al. (2010)					• No group differences were found on the Attention Focusing subscale.
Embrechts et al. (2000)	CBQ	38	38	3;0–7;8	• CWS exhibited lower focusing scores compared with CWNS.
Karrass et al. (2006)	Modified BSQ ^b	65	56	3;0–5;11	• CWS exhibited lower attention regulation scores compared with CWNS.

Note. BSQ = Behavioral Style Questionnaire (McDevitt & Carey, 1978); CBQ-SF = Children's Behavior Questionnaire–Short Form (Putnam & Rothbart, 2006); CBQ-D = Dutch version of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (Van den Bergh & Ackx, 2003); CBQ = Child Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001).

Attention shifting and attention focusing are the attentional constructs or processes conceptualized by Rothbart (2011) that could be measured using various versions of the CBQ. Attention focusing refers to the “tendency to maintain attentional focus upon task-related channels” (p. 52). Attention shifting refers to the ability to transfer attentional focus from one activity or task to another.

Karrass et al. (2006) used a modified version of the BSQ, from which a measure of attention regulation was derived. These authors reported that comparisons were made between the derived measures of attention regulation and another well-known measure of attention—the CBQ. Findings indicated that the “BSQ attention regulation was associated with CBQ attention shifting, r(34) = .67, p < .001” (p. 409). Therefore, this derived measure of attention regulation related to attention shifting.