Table 3.
Maternal Risk Factors and Clinical Manifestations in the Mother and Infant by Paternal Infection Status
| Risk Factors and Clinical Manifestations | No. With Risk Factor or Manifestation/Fathers in Infection Group, No. (%)a |
P Valueb | No. With Risk Factor or Manifestation/Fathers in Infection Group, No. (%)a |
P Valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected Fathers (n = 29) | Uninfected Fathers (n = 52) | Recently Infected Fathers (n = 6) | Fathers ND as Recently Infected (n = 39) | |||
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Gardening | 8/29 (28) | 9/52 (17) | .39 | 2/6 (33) | 5/39 (13) | .23 |
| Sandbox | 6/29 (21) | 4/52 (8) | .16 | 4/6 (67) | 3/39 (8) | .003c |
| Exposure to cats | 20/29 (69) | 28/52 (54) | .24 | 6/6 (100) | 23/39 (59) | .07 |
| Eating undercooked/raw meat | 12/29 (41) | 16/52 (31) | .34 | 2/6 (33) | 9/39 (23) | .62 |
| Preparing raw meat | 8/29 (28) | 9/52 (17) | .39 | 1/6 (17) | 4/39 (10) | .52 |
| Drinking raw milk | 3/29 (10) | 5/52 (10) | >.99 | 0/6 (0) | 3/39 (8) | >.99 |
| Clinical manifestations in mother | ||||||
| Maternal illness | 18/29 (62) | 34/50 (68) | .63 | 4/6 (67) | 21/39 (54) | .68 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 9/24 (38) | 11/38 (29) | .58 | 2/6 (33) | 11/36 (31) | >.99 |
| Fever | 8/24 (33) | 7/38 (18) | .23 | 2/6 (33) | 7/36 (19) | .59 |
| Night sweats | 3/24 (13) | 4/38 (11) | >.99 | 0/6 (0) | 5/36 (14) | >.99 |
| Myalgia | 3/24 (13) | 4/38 (11) | >.99 | 2/6 (33) | 3/36 (8) | .14 |
| Atypical lymphocytes | 0/24 (0) | 1/38 (3) | >.99 | 0/6 (0) | 1/36 (3) | >.99 |
| Headache | 2/24 (8) | 5/38 (13) | .70 | 0/6 (0) | 5/36 (14) | >.99 |
| Visual disturbance | 0/24 (0) | 2/38 (5) | .52 | 0/6 (0) | 1/36 (3) | >.99 |
| Clinical manifestations in infant | ||||||
| Illness in newborn period | 16/21 (76) | 29/40 (73) | >.99 | 6/6 (100) | 22/35 (63) | .15 |
| Jaundice | 5/21 (24) | 12/40 (30) | .77 | 3/6 (50) | 10/35 (29) | .36 |
| Respiratory distress | 5/21 (24) | 8/40 (20) | .75 | 1/6 (17) | 7/35 (20) | >.99 |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | 7/21 (33) | 5/40 (13) | .09 | 1/6 (17) | 2/35 (6) | .39 |
| Petechiae | 2/21 (10) | 1/40 (3) | .27 | 1/6 (17) | 0/35 (0) | .15 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 4/21 (19) | 9/40 (23) | >.99 | 1/6 (17) | 4/35 (11) | .57 |
| Chorioretinitis | 11/21 (52) | 17/40 (43) | .59 | 3/6 (50) | 11/35 (31) | .39 |
| Blindness | 2/21 (10) | 5/40 (13) | >.99 | 1/6 (17) | 3/35 (9) | .48 |
| Hydrocephalus | 7/21 (33) | 10/40 (25) | .55 | 2/6 (33) | 5/35 (14) | .27 |
| Seizures | 2/21 (10) | 5/40 (13) | >.99 | 1/6 (17) | 3/35 (9) | .48 |
| Intracranial calcifications | 8/21 (38) | 19/40 (48) | .59 | 1/6 (17) | 13/35 (37) | .64 |
| CSF pleocytosis | 5/21 (24) | 6/40 (15) | .49 | 1/6 (17) | 5/35 (14) | >.99 |
Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ND, not demonstrated.
a Numerators represent number of families exposed to risk factor or number of mothers or infants with clinical manifestation. Risk factor information was obtained only from mothers and not from fathers, according to the original study protocol. Denominators may vary owing to uncompleted surveys. “ND as recently infected” includes both nonrecently infected and uninfected fathers.
b P values determined with Fisher exact tests. Bonferroni correction was used to reduce the chances of obtaining false-positive results because multiple comparisons were performed. The correction was made by dividing the significance threshold, .05, by the number of comparisons. Significance thresholds with the Bonferroni correction are .008 for risk factors, .006 for clinical manifestations in mothers, and .004 for clinical manifestations in infants.
c Significant difference after Bonferroni correction.