Table 2.
Logistic Regression Analyses of Factors Associated with Retention in Care During the First Year of Observation among ART-Naive Patients in the HOPS, 2000 to 2011.a,b
| Univariate Analysis
|
Multivariable Model A
|
Multivariable Model B
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic at Baseline | OR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Age, years | ||||||
| ≤29 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | .87 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | .83 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | .86 |
| 30–39 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | .16 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | .22 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | .13 |
| 40–49 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| ≥50 | 1.3 (0.7–2.1) | .39 | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) | .30 | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) | .42 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Referent | |||||
| Female | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | .97 | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Nonwhite | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | <.001 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | .33 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | .049 |
| HIV risk | ||||||
| Heterosexual | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | .05 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | .98 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | .81 |
| IDU | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <.001 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | .09 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | .029 |
| MSM | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Other/unknown | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | .78 | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | .87 | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | .76 |
| Insurance payer | ||||||
| Private | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Public | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | <.001 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | .031 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | .05 |
| Ryan White | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | .55 | 0.7 (0.3–2.0) | .56 | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | .52 |
| Self-pay/none | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | .56 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | .50 | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | .53 |
| Other | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | .22 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | .61 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | .59 |
| Index year | ||||||
| 2000–2003 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 2004–2008 | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | .001 | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | .25 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | .09 |
| 2009–2011 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | .27 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | .85 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | .64 |
| Baseline CD4 count, cells/mm3 | ||||||
| <200 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | .15 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | .012 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | .06 |
| 200–350 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | .42 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | .06 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | .29 |
| >350 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| None | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | <.001 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | <.001 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <.001 |
| Baseline viral load, copies/mL | ||||||
| <1000 | Referent | |||||
| 1000–29 999 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | .90 | ||||
| 30 000–100 000 | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | .27 | ||||
| >100 000 | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | .28 | ||||
| None | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | .001 | ||||
| Started ART in index year | ||||||
| No | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 5.6 (4.0–7.7) | <.001 | 6.4 (4.4–9.4) | <.001 | ||
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; IDU, injection drug user; MSM, men having sex with men; HOPS, HIV Outpatient Study.
a
N = 1441.
b
Multivariable model A included ART initiation, whereas model B did not. Retained in care was defined as having ≥1 visit with a provider 90 to 365 days after the first HOPS visit.