Table 4. Factors associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory in case-control conditional logistic regression univariate and multivariate models in the HIV Outpatient Study, United States, 1996–2007 (N = 1 850).

Baseline factors	OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)
35–49	0.82 (0.63, 1.07)	0.14	0.68 (0.49, 0.95)	0.022
50+	0.65 (0.44, 0.95)	0.028	0.66 (0.42, 1.05)	0.076
18–34	Referent		Referent
Sex
Female	1.72 (1.27, 2.33)	<0.001	0.93 (0.58, 1.50)	0.77
Male	Referent		Referent
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	Referent		Referent
All other	2.45 (1.93, 3.10)	<0.001	1.50 (1.11, 2.03)	0.009
HIV risk group
IDU	2.50 (1.70, 3.68)	<0.001	1.63 (0.96, 2.77)	0.069
HRH	2.21 (1.67, 2.92)	<0.001	1.63 (1.03, 2.56)	0.036
Other/unknown	1.34 (0.78, 2.31)	0.29	0.69 (0.35, 1.36)	0.29
MSM	Referent		Referent
CD4 cell count (cells/μl)^a
<50	7.60 (5.44, 10.60)	<0.001	5.01 (3.46, 7.27)	<0.001
50–199	2.57 (1.87, 3.54)	<0.001	2.15 (1.54, 3.02)	<0.001
≥200	Referent		Referent
HIV viral load (log₁₀copies/ml)^a
<4	Referent		Referent
4-<5	1.46 (1.00, 2.14)	0.050	1.32 (0.85, 2.04)	0.22
≥5	3.73 (2.58, 5.38)	<0.001	2.33 (1.51, 3.61)	<0.001
HCV or HBV co-infection
Yes	1.38 (0.997, 1.90)	0.052	1.16 (0.76,1.74)	0.49
No	Referent		Referent
TB exposure
Yes	1.40 (0.82, 2.36)	0.22	0.96 (0.52,1.80)	0.90
No	Referent		Referent

CI, confidence interval; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HRH, high-risk heterosexual; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis.

Viral load and CD4 cell count values closest to the start of a new or different combination antiretroviral therapy within the preceding 180 days.