Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics by Intervention Condition for Studies 1–3
| Study 1: Testing a Communal Utility Value Intervention (intervention is between-subjects) | ||||||||||
|
Research Value Intervention Condition |
Beliefs that biomedical research had communal utility value |
Beliefs that biomedical research had agentic utility value |
Biomedical research positivity |
Future career motivation |
||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| High communion |
5.56a | 0.99 | 4.46a | 1.08 | 4.88a | 1.14 | 3.41a | 1.28 | ||
| Low communion |
4.12b | 0.75 | 4.27a | 1.06 | 4.29b | 0.90 | 2.82b | 0.99 | ||
| Study 2: Testing Different Types of Communal Utility Value Interventions (intervention is between-subjects) | ||||||||||
|
Research Value Intervention Condition |
Beliefs that biomedical research had communal utility value |
Beliefs that biomedical research had agentic utility value |
Biomedical research positivity |
Future career motivation |
Importance of biomedical research |
|||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Multiple- communal |
5.98a | 1.00 | 4.48a | 1.50 | 5.50a | 1.21 | 3.57a | 1.38 | 6.12a | 0.63 |
| Helping others |
5.36a, b | 0.85 | 4.08a, b | 1.09 | 4.87a, b | 1.13 | 3.32a, b | 1.07 | 5.88a | 0.66 |
| Working with others |
4.79b, c | 1.24 | 4.74a, b | 1.25 | 4.04c | 1.21 | 2.70b | 1.20 | 5.25b | 0.93 |
| Forming Connections with others |
4.97b | 1.14 | 4.52a, b | 0.92 | 4.62b, c | 1.08 | 3.64a | 1.53 | 5.27b | 0.95 |
| Control | 4.19c | 1.53 | 3.95b | 1.35 | 4.46b, c | 1.33 | 2.99a, b | 1.40 | 5.25b | 0.98 |
| Study 3: Testing the Addition of Communal and Agentic Utility Value Interventions (intervention is within-subjects) | ||||||||||
|
Research Value Intervention Condition |
Beliefs that biomedical research had communal utility value |
Beliefs that biomedical research had agentic utility value |
Biomedical research positivity |
Future career motivation |
Importance of biomedical research |
|||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Multiple- communal |
5.04a | 1.33 | 4.29a | 1.33 | 4.21a | 1.45 | 2.88a | 1.64 | 5.60 | 1.04 |
| Multiple- agentic |
4.05a, b | 1.40 | 4.12a | 1.42 | 3.52b | 1.39 | 2.52b | 1.50 | 4.93a | 1.04 |
| Multiple- communal and agentic |
5.18 | 1.26 | 4.47 | 1.39 | 4.15a | 1.40 | 2.95a | 1.54 | 5.64 | 0.91 |
| Control | 4.23b | 1.37 | 3.89 | 1.29 | 3.48b | 1.41 | 2.51b | 1.51 | 5.11a | 1.06 |
Note. For each study and within each dependent variable, means with different subscripts (or no subscripts) differ from each other, p ≤ .050. For simplicity and clarity, all means and standard deviations are presented for the raw data, not the transformed data.