Table 3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the average abundance of key pests and predators and the average incidence and damage of key pests found on common bean plants sprayed weekly with extracts of four plant species and positive/negative control treatments.
Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other at the 95% confidence interval using Tukey’s post-hoc Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test.
| Insect abundance | Plants infested (% incidence) | Index of plant damage | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Aphid | Foliage beetle | Flower beetle | Lady beetle | Spider | Aphid | Foliage beetle | Flower beetle | Aphid | Foliage beetle | Flower beetle |
| Control - | 2.87 a | 1.54 a | 2.45 a | 3.33 a | 1.10 a | 28.60 a | 22.51 a | 25.63 a | 2.36 a | 2.01 a | 1.99 a |
| Control + | 0.03 d | 0.14 d | 0.37 d | 0.73 b | 0.05 b | 0.56 c | 3.75 d | 3.52 c | 0.02 e | 0.39 c | 0.52 c |
| Lippia javanica | 0.59 c | 0.58 c | 0.77 c | 1.04 b | 1.11 a | 4.25 c | 12.81 c | 6.88 c | 0.71 cd | 0.30 c | 1.45 b |
| Tephrosia vogelii | 1.63 b | 1.22 a,b | 1.66 b | 4.00 a | 0.67 a,b | 18.00 b | 16.09 b,c | 17.50 b | 1.04 b,c | 0.94 b | 1.19 b |
| Tithonia diversifolia | 2.14 b | 1.31 a,b | 2.03 a,b | 4.05 a | 0.75 a | 22.63 b | 18.59 a,b | 21.88 a,b | 1.44 b | 1.09 b | 1.45 b |
| Vernonia amygdalina | 1.03 c | 1.06 b | 0.63 c,d | 0.89 b | 1.08 a | 4.25 c | 14.84 b,c | 6.72 c | 0.49 d | 1.02 b | 1.34 b |
| F | 78.96 | 46.48 | 77.03 | 66.00 | 7.04 | 137.10 | 47.19 | 87.01 | 80.85 | 64.99 | 58.45 |
| Pr > F | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |