Effect of over-expressing Sp4 on the transcript levels of GABAA receptor subunit genes. (A-B) Primary neurons transfected with Sp4 over-expression vectors revealed an up-regulation of Sp4, GABAA α1, and GABAA α2 but not GABAA α3 protein levels using western blots (N = 3). (B) Sp4 over-expression also increased Sp4, Gabra1 and Gabra2 transcript levels but not that of Gabra3. (N = 3). (C) Over-expression of Sp4 in primary neurons increased mRNA levels of Sp4, Gabra1, and Gabra2 mRNA levels in primary neurons, but not of Gabra3. N = 3. *= P < 0.05, **= P < 0.01, and ***= P < 0.001 when compared to controls. Transcript levels of Sp4 and all three GABAA receptor subunit genes were decreased with 3 days of 0.4 μM TTX treatment. Sp4 over-expression rescued the TTX-mediated down-regulation of Sp4, Gabra1, and Gabra2 transcript levels, but not that of Gabra3. N =3. *= P < 0.05, **= P < 0.01, and ***= P < 0.001 when compared to controls. ##= P < 0.01, ### = P < 0.001 and X = non-significant when compared to TTX treatment alone.