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. 2015 Nov 25;6:1018. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01018

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Copyright © 2015 Parra-Vega, Corral-Martínez, Rivas-Sendra and Seguí-Simarro.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The different stages of Brassica napus microspore cultures. (A) Isolated microspore, prior to induction. (B) Induced, embryogenic microspore (left) and pollen-like structure (right). Top and bottom images in (A,B) were taken under phase contrast and fluorescence with DAPI-stained nuclei, respectively. Note the presence of up to five nuclei in the embryogenic microspore, and the presence of a brighter (generative) and a faintly fluorescing (vegetative) nucleus in the pollen-like structure. (C) Quadrant-like embryo emerging from the exine (ex), where the suspensor (sus) and the embryo proper (ep) domains can be clearly identified. Superimposed phase contrast + fluorescence image where the DAPI-stained nuclei are shown in blue. (D) Globular embryo. (E) Heart-shaped embryo. (F) Cotyledonar embryo. Bars in A–C: 10 μm; D: 50 μm; E, F: 100 μm.