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. 2015 Nov 25;6:1018. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01018

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Copyright © 2015 Parra-Vega, Corral-Martínez, Rivas-Sendra and Seguí-Simarro.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Embryogenic B. napus microspores with abnormal cell plates and signs of nuclear fusion. (A) Induced microspore with a complete cell wall (cw) with numerous deposits of excreted material (arrowheads), a gapped cell plate (cp), and a peanut-shaped nucleus (n). The black arrows point to nuclear constrictions indicative of a recent nuclear fusion. (B) Abnormal, incomplete cell plate with abundant gaps (white arrows) that connect the cytoplasms of the daughter cells, and organelles such as dense vacuolar compartments (asterisks) close to the cell plate. (C) Embryogenic microspore with two nuclei coexisting in the same cytoplasm. Ct, cytoplasm; ex, exine; m, mitochondrion; nu, nucleolus; ve, Golgi-derived vesicle. Bars in A: 10 μm; B: 1 μm; C: 200 nm.