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. 2015 Nov 25;6:316. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00316

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Copyright © 2015 Junca and Sandoz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Impact of thermal stimulation of 41 structures of the honeybee body on sting extension responses (SER). (A) Map of the bee body showing the names of the tested structures. Gray areas were not accessible in our holding setups and were thus not tested. (B) Percentage of SER observed for thermal stimulations on the 41 different body parts using a heated copper probe (n = 555, four structures tested per bee). As control, tactile stimulations with an unheated probe were given. Prox, proximal; dist, distal; L, Left; R, Right.