TABLE 3.
Median concentrations (and IQRs) of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pyridoxal, and vitamin B-12 in breast milk from HIV-infected women assigned to 1 of 4 treatment arms in the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study1
| Treatment group |
P2 |
||||||
| Vitamin | Control (n = 177) | LNS (n = 185) | ARV (n = 85) | ARV/LNS (n = 90) | LNS | ARV | LNS × ARV |
| Thiamin,3 μg/L | 0.44 | 0.82 | 0.53 | ||||
| 2 or 6 wk | 176 (130–220)4 | 178 (144–212) | 169 (123–215) | 173 (134–229) | |||
| 24 wk | 199 (160–238) | 208 (174–241) | 202 (176–238) | 201 (165–242) | |||
| Riboflavin,5 μg/L | <.001 | 0.071 | 0.015 | ||||
| 2 or 6 wk | 100 (71–147) | 133 (87–184) | 104 (74–132) | 114 (81–148) | |||
| 24 wk | 94 (69–124) | 129 (88–168) | 95 (66–127) | 102 (67–163) | |||
| Nicotinamide, μg/L | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.12 | ||||
| 2 or 6 wk | 430 (244–689) | 566 (374–793) | 386 (248–519) | 404 (253–708) | |||
| 24 wk | 219 (124–358) | 281 (169–457) | 161 (102–268) | 188 (97–315) | |||
| Pyridoxal, μg/L | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.12 | ||||
| 2 or 6 wk | 62 (40–99) | 84 (57–109) | 56 (39–80) | 64 (50–89) | |||
| 24 wk | 113 (82–150) | 142 (100–190) | 110 (77–152) | 120 (83–161) | |||
| Vitamin B-12, μg/L | 0.0018 | 0.0036 | 0.16 | ||||
| 2 or 6 wk | 0.33 (0.22–0.59) | 0.41 (0.26–0.81) | 0.29 (0.20–0.55) | 0.30 (0.23–0.49) | |||
| 24 wk | 0.24 (0.19–0.35) | 0.32 (0.23–0.49) | 0.23 (0.19–0.33) | 0.28 (0.21–0.39) | |||
Main effects and interactions of LNS and ARV were tested by ANOVA. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis was used to test for the main effect of time and interactions between treatment variables and time (no interactions with time were significant). ARV, antiretroviral; LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplement; n, number of samples.
P values represent both time points because of no significant LNS × ARV × time interaction.
Thiamin = thiamin + (thiamin monophosphate × 0.871) + (thiamin pyrophosphate × 0.707).
Median; IQR in parentheses (all such values).
Riboflavin = riboflavin + (flavin adenine dinucleotide × 0.479).