TABLE 1.
Manganese content of enteral and parenteral diets for the infants1
| Mn content, μg/L | Mn intake,2 μg · kg−1 · d−1 | Absorbed, % | Systemic Mn uptake,2 μg · kg−1 · d−1 | |
| Human milk | 3–103 | 0.45–1.5 | 84 | 0.04–0.12 |
| Bovine milk-based formula | 30–503 | 4.5–7.5 | 24 | 0.09–0.15 |
| Soy formula | ∼180–3003 | 27–45 | <14 | 0.3–0.45 |
| PN (absent TES) | 7.6 (6.9–11.9)5 | ∼1.0 | 100 | ∼1.0 |
| Multitrace-4 neonatal | 2500 | 7.56 | 100 | 7.5 |
| TES-containing PN | 60.0 (38.4–77.7) | ∼8.5 | 100 | 8.5 |
1
PN, parenteral nutrition; TES, trace element supplement.
2
Based on intake of 150 mL · kg−1 · d−1.
3
Based on Lönnerdal et al. (6).
4
Based on Davidsson et al. (7).
5
Median; IQR in parentheses (all such values). Values based on original data obtained by high-resolution–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
6
Based on recommended addition of 0.2 mL Multitrace-4 neonatal to every 100 mL of PN solution.