TABLE 2.
Association of dietary resveratrol exposure measures at baseline with the probability of developing frailty during a follow-up of 3 y (first follow-up)1
| TDR (FFQ) |
TUR (biomarker) |
TDR+TUR (FFQ plus biomarker)2 |
||||||||||||
| Prefrailty |
Frailty |
Prefrailty |
Frailty |
Prefrailty |
Frailty |
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| Cutoff, mg/d | n | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | Cutoff, nmol/d | n | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | n | OR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Lowest tertile | <0.1 | 66 | 1 (referent) | 26 | 1 (referent) | <2273.0 | 74 | 1 (referent) | 18 | 1 (referent) | 70 | 1 (referent) | 23 | 1 (referent) |
| Intermediate tertile | 0.1–1.1 | 74 | 1.04 (0.66, 1.62) | 12 | 0.43 (0.20, 0.90) | 2273.0–10,342.7 | 63 | 0.76 (0.49, 1.19) | 20 | 0.99 (0.49, 2.00) | 70 | 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) | 17 | 0.68 (0.34, 1.37) |
| Highest tertile | >1.1 | 64 | 0.78 (0.50, 1.21) | 7 | 0.22 (0.09, 0.52) | >10,342.7 | 67 | 0.75 (0.48, 1.16) | 7 | 0.32 (0.13, 0.80) | 64 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.11) | 5 | 0.17 (0.06, 0.46) |
| P-trend | 0.19 | 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.009 | 0.12 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Continuous | 204 | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 45 | 0.75 (0.65, 0.86) | 204 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 45 | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) | 204 | 0.84 (0.65, 1.08) | 45 | 0.50 (0.34, 0.73) | ||
| Model 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Lowest tertile | <0.1 | 66 | 1 (referent) | 26 | 1 (referent) | <2273.0 | 74 | 1 (referent) | 18 | 1 (referent) | 70 | 1 (referent) | 23 | 1 (referent) |
| Intermediate tertile | 0.1–1.1 | 74 | 1.02 (0.62, 1.66) | 12 | 0.33 (0.11, 0.98) | 2273.0–10,342.7 | 63 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.46) | 20 | 1.34 (0.49, 3.65) | 70 | 0.86 (0.52, 1.40) | 17 | 0.48 (0.17, 1.35) |
| Highest tertile | >1.1 | 64 | 0.94 (0.53, 1.66) | 7 | 0.17 (0.05, 0.63) | >10,342.7 | 67 | 1.05 (0.61, 1.80) | 7 | 0.32 (0.09, 1.11) | 64 | 0.96 (0.55, 1.69) | 5 | 0.11 (0.03, 0.45) |
| P-trend | 0.78 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 0.85 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Continuous | 204 | 1.01(0.91, 1.12) | 45 | 0.67 (0.54, 0.84) | 204 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 45 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) | 204 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 45 | 0.47 (0.26, 0.85) | ||
| Model 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Lowest tertile | <0.1 | 66 | 1 (referent) | 26 | 1 (referent) | <2273.0 | 74 | 1 (referent) | 18 | 1 (referent) | 70 | 1 (referent) | 23 | 1 (referent) |
| Intermediate tertile | 0.1–1.1 | 74 | 1.01 (0.61, 1.66) | 12 | 0.37 (0.12, 1.11) | 2273.0–10,342.7 | 63 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.49) | 20 | 1.85 (0.64, 5.35) | 70 | 0.84 (0.51, 1.39) | 17 | 0.55 (0.19, 1.57) |
| Highest tertile | >1.1 | 64 | 0.84 (0.47, 1.50) | 7 | 0.17 (0.04, 0.64) | >10,342.7 | 67 | 1.02 (0.59, 1.77) | 7 | 0.34 (0.10, 1.24) | 64 | 0.89 (0.50, 1.58) | 5 | 0.11 (0.02, 0.46) |
| P-trend | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.81 | 0.03 | 0.65 | 0.003 | ||||||||
| Continuous | 204 | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 45 | 0.67 (0.53, 0.84) | 204 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 45 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 204 | 0.97 (0.71, 1.34) | 45 | 0.47 (0.26, 0.85) | ||
Multinomial logistic regression models were used, and the following 3 separate models are presented: an unadjusted model (model 1); model 2, which was adjusted for the status of frailty at baseline, age, sex, study municipality, education, BMI, total energy intake (except for TUR), smoking status, comorbidities, depression mood, and cognitive impairment; and model 3, which was further adjusted for inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and IL-1 receptor antagonist). P-trend values were obtained by assigning the median of each tertile as scores or entered as an ordinal variable as appropriate. FFQ, food-frequency questionnaire; TDR, total dietary resveratrol; TDR+TUR, total dietary resveratrol plus total urinary resveratrol; TUR, total urinary resveratrol.
Computed with the use of the Howe’s method on the basis of ranks.