Table 3. Predicting poor health with scenicness only.
All areas | Urban | Suburban | Rural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Scenicness | −0.008*** | −0.007** | −0.004* | −0.011*** |
Income Deprivation | 1.691*** | 1.789*** | 1.404*** | 1.023*** |
Employment Deprivation | 3.194*** | 3.113*** | 3.318*** | 4.028*** |
Education Deprivation | 0.003*** | 0.003*** | 0.004*** | 0.006*** |
Housing Deprivation | −0.001*** | 0.000 | −0.001*** | −0.001** |
Crime | 0.009*** | −0.004 | 0.007 | 0.013*** |
Living Deprivation | 0.000*** | 0.001** | 0.000 | 0.000 |
AIC | −10938 | −1307 | −5035 | −5460 |
No of observations | 16907 | 3944 | 7781 | 5182 |
Regression coefficients for CAR models predicting standardised rates of poor health using scenicness only. As in Tables 1 and 2, models are built for England as a whole, and for urban, suburban and rural areas separately. A range of socioeconomic deprivation variables are controlled for, and the analysis is carried out at the level of Lower Layer Super Output Areas. Again, lower ratings of scenicness are significantly associated with reports of worse health across England as a whole, as well as across urban, suburban and rural areas. As such, the relationship between scenicness and health is similar to that found in the first model presented in Table 1, in which greenspace is included. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.