Table 3.
Relative quantity of students’ overall beverage consumption associated with state soda ban and school SSB vending machine access, by race and gender
| Soda allowed in school | Soda banned in school | |||||||||||
| Vending machine | No vending machine | Vending machine | No vending machine | |||||||||
| RR | 95% CI | p | RR | 95% CI | p | RR | 95% CI | p | RR | 95% CI | p | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Whites | ||||||||||||
| Diet soda | - | - | - | 1.26 | 0.78, 2.04 | .34 | 0.95 | 0.74, 1.22 | .69 | 0.79 | 0.57, 1.09 | .15 |
| Sports drinks | - | - | - | 1.24 | 0.96, 1.60 | .10 | 1.21 | 1.02, 1.44 | .03 | 1.16 | 0.83, 1.60 | .38 |
| Energy drinks | - | - | - | 1.10 | 0.83, 1.45 | .51 | 1.09 | 0.81, 1.46 | .57 | 0.86 | 0.61, 1.21 | .37 |
| Coffee/tea | - | - | - | 1.22 | 0.92, 1.60 | .17 | 1.25 | 1.01, 1.55 | .04 | 1.19 | 0.94, 1.52 | .15 |
| Other SSBs | - | - | - | 1.09 | 0.92, 1.29 | .32 | 1.20 | 0.98, 1.47 | .08 | 1.26 | 1.05, 1.51 | .02 |
| Non-Hispanic Blacks | ||||||||||||
| Diet soda | - | - | - | 0.89 | 0.62, 1.27 | .52 | 1.06 | 0.75, 1.50 | .73 | 0.95 | 0.50, 1.82 | .88 |
| Sports drinks | - | - | - | 0.97 | 0.78, 1.21 | .81 | 1.49 | 1.16, 1.92 | .003 | 1.31 | 0.82, 2.09 | .25 |
| Energy drinks | - | - | - | 1.21 | 0.79, 1.85 | .36 | 1.70 | 1.09, 2.65 | .02 | 1.48 | 0.76, 2.89 | .25 |
| Coffee/tea | - | - | - | 0.98 | 0.71, 1.36 | .91 | 1.14 | 0.90, 1.46 | .27 | 1.18 | 0.66, 2.13 | .57 |
| Other SSBs | - | - | - | 1.02 | 0.81, 1.28 | .85 | 1.28 | 1.09, 1.51 | .004 | 1.25 | 0.92, 1.71 | .15 |
| Hispanics | ||||||||||||
| Diet soda | - | - | - | 0.74 | 0.44, 1.26 | .27 | 1.41 | 1.04, 1.92 | .03 | 1.31 | 0.87, 1.98 | .19 |
| Sports drinks | - | - | - | 1.88 | 0.80, 4.44 | .15 | 1.20 | 0.88, 1.64 | .25 | 1.26 | 0.99, 1.61 | .06 |
| Energy drinks | - | - | - | 2.06 | 0.79, 5.40 | .14 | 1.44 | 0.88, 2.36 | .15 | 1.29 | 0.90, 1.85 | .16 |
| Coffee/tea | - | - | - | 1.46 | 0.92, 2.31 | .11 | 0.89 | 0.67, 1.16 | .37 | 0.92 | 0.66, 1.30 | .65 |
| Other SSBs | - | - | - | 0.98 | 0.66, 1.45 | .92 | 1.03 | 0.79, 1.35 | .81 | 1.06 | 0.87, 1.28 | .58 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Boys | ||||||||||||
| Diet soda | - | - | - | 1.47 | 0.90, 2.38 | .12 | 1.39 | 1.11, 1.74 | .005 | 1.15 | 0.77, 1.71 | .48 |
| Sports drinks | - | - | - | 1.21 | 0.94, 1.56 | .14 | 1.24 | 1.06, 1.44 | .01 | 1.11 | 0.88, 1.40 | .36 |
| Energy drinks | - | - | - | 1.51 | 1.08, 2.10 | .02 | 1.41 | 1.04, 1.92 | .03 | 0.94 | 0.67, 1.33 | .73 |
| Coffee/tea | - | - | - | 1.46 | 1.14, 1.85 | .003 | 1.08 | 0.86, 1.36 | .51 | 0.93 | 0.73, 1.18 | .52 |
| Other SSBs | - | - | - | 1.02 | 0.82, 1.28 | .82 | 1.09 | 0.87, 1.36 | .45 | 1.02 | 0.84, 1.23 | .87 |
| Girls | ||||||||||||
| Diet soda | - | - | - | 1.19 | 0.83, 1.71 | .35 | 0.95 | 0.72, 1.25 | .71 | 1.11 | 0.83, 1.47 | .48 |
| Sports drinks | - | - | - | 1.11 | 0.85, 1.44 | .44 | 1.27 | 1.09, 1.47 | .002 | 1.33 | 0.92, 1.94 | .13 |
| Energy drinks | - | - | - | 1.10 | 0.72, 1.67 | .66 | 1.11 | 0.73, 1.67 | .62 | 1.31 | 0.71, 2.43 | .39 |
| Coffee/tea | - | - | - | 1.06 | 0.79, 1.42 | .68 | 1.25 | 1.06, 1.47 | .01 | 1.33 | 0.99, 1.80 | .06 |
| Other SSBs | - | - | - | 1.14 | 0.90, 1.45 | .27 | 1.22 | 0.93, 1.59 | .15 | 1.22 | 0.99, 1.50 | .06 |
Estimated from zero-inflated negative binomial model; table only presents results from the negative binomial portion of the model. Adjusted for race/ethnicity (when stratifying by sex), sex (when stratifying by race/ethnicity), grade, state median income, Census region, and home food access (negative binomial portion), and race/ethnicity, sex, grade, and home food access (logistic portion)
† State law bans the sale of soda in vending machines, school stores, and cafeterias (a la carte)
‡ Vending machine that sells “soda or pop, sports drinks, or fruit drinks that are not 100% juice, such as Coke, Gatorade, or Sunny Delight”
δ Reference group