Table 2.

Results from nested Cox proportional hazards models regarding the association between pack-years of smoking and 10-year ACS fatal or non-fatal event among cardiac patients (n = 2172)

Models for any ACS event	Hazard Ratio	95 % CI	p	Model adjusted for:
Model 1: per 30 cigarette pack/years	1.13	1.03,1.30	0.001	Age, gender
Model 2: per 30 cigarette pack/years	1.09	1.03,1.30	0.01	Age, gender, obesity, MedDietScore, physical activity
Model 3: per 30 cigarette pack/years	1.06	1.03,1.30	0.09	Model 2 plus history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and family history of CVD
Model for fatal ACS events: per 30 cigarette pack/years	1.08	1.03, 1.63	0.06	Factors used in Model 3

Cox regression models were applied with the 10-year ACS event as dependent variable and potential confounders gradually adjusted in the models as follows: Model 1: age, gender; Model 2: age, gender, Body Mass Index, MedDietScore, physical activity; Model 3: age, gender, Body Mass Index, MedDietScore, physical activity, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, family history of CVD; Cox regression model was also applied with the 10-year ACS mortality as dependent variable and the following confounders as adjusting factors: age, gender, Body Mass Index, MedDietScore, physical activity, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, family history of CVD