Fig. 3.

qRT-PCR analysis of RANK-RANKL signaling-related gene expression to validate the functional activity of sRANKL. The mRNA expressions of a TRAF6, b NFATc1 and c TRAP were analyzed at day 6 after exposure of media of WT-LAB, commercial sRANKL (20 ng/ml) or media of sRANKL-LAB containing 20 ng/ml of sRANKL to RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA levels were normalized by GAPDH expression, and expressed as relative gene expression compared to control. For significance tests, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test were used, and expressed as follows; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001