FIG 1 .

High levels of ICs in sera from P. falciparum- and P. vivax-infected patients. (A) Monocytes from healthy donors were incubated with individual sera from P. vivax (n = 3) and P. falciparum (n = 8) malaria patients at a 1:5 (20%) dilution in tissue culture medium or stimulated with 100 ng/ml of LPS, and TNF-α production was evaluated 24 h later by ELISA. (B) IC levels in sera from malaria patients and healthy individuals, as well as in purified IC preparations, as positive controls. (C) ICs in the sera of P. vivax-infected subjects (n = 22) before and 30 to 45 days after treatment as well as in healthy donors (n = 4). Different colors indicate different levels of parasitemia. IC levels shown in panels B and C were measured by the MicroVue CIC-C1q enzyme immunoassay kit. Horizontal lines indicate the average for each group. P values were determined by Student’s t test (A and B) and paired t test (C).