Table 2.
Health-benefiting effects of fractions and compounds from bamboo plants demonstrated in in vitro studies.
| Species | Compound/ fraction | Evaluation method | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd) Munro | Total flavonoids of leaves | Cell-free assay | Anti-free radical, IC50 for O2− was 11 μg/ml, IC50 for .OH was 5.3 μg/ml. | (Zhang et al., 2002) |
| luteolin 6-C-(6″-O-trans-caffeoylglucoside) | (1) Cell-free assay (2) RGC-5 cell survival rate |
(1) Antioxidative, inhibited aldose reductase activity (IC50 was 0.0134 μM); reduced advanced glycation endproducts formation. (2) Attenuated oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells. |
(Jung et al., 2007) (Lee et al., 2010) |
|
| Orientin | (1) Thoracic aortic rings from rabbit (2) H9c2 cardiomytocytes ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model |
(1) Vasodilatation, IC50 was 7.27 μM, inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx. (2) Against I/R-induced apoptosis, modulated mitochondrial permeability transition, regulated PI3K/Akt pathway. |
(Fu et al., 2006) (Fu et al., 2005) (Lu et al., 2011) |
|
| Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis (Mitford) Rendle | Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin 7-glucoside | Cell-free assay | Antioxidant; pro-oxidant at the presence of transitional metal ions. | (Hu et al., 2000) |
| Acetone fraction of leaves | Raw264.7 cells and mouse spleen cells, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation | Reduced IL-12 production in LPS-activated macrophages via NF-kappaB inhibition. | (Kim et al., 2007a) | |
| Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz | 3-O-caffeoyl-one-methylquinic acid | (1) Bovine vascular endothelial cells exposed to peroxide. (2) UVA-mediated apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes (3) Exposing human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to the compound |
(1) Heme oxygenase-1 induction and cytoprotection. (2) Prevented photocarcinogenesis via apoptotic elimination of p53 mutant and DNA-repair defective cells. (3) Induced Nrf2-dependent phase II detoxifying genes and altered intracellular glutathione redox. |
(Kweon et al., 2004) (Kweon et al., 2007) (Kweon et al., 2006) |
| Butanol fraction of leaves; chlorogenic acid derivatives |
Cell-free assay | Antioxidant activity | (Kweon et al., 2001) | |
| Ethanol fraction of leaves; tricin, 7-o-methyltricin | Muscle, liver, and fat cells treated with high levels of palmitic acid | Protected lipoapoptosis, inhibited cytokine overproduction and NFkappaB activation. | (Panee et al., 2008) (Higa and Panee, 2011) (Higa et al., 2012) |
|
| Essential oils; cis-3-Hexenol | (1) Cell-free assay (2) Bacterial assay |
(1) Antioxidant capacity. (2) Inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis and E. coli |
(Jin et al., 2011) | |
| Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino & Shibata | Butanol fraction of leaves; isoorientin; 2″-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside | (1) Cell-free assay (2) Oxidative damage to HepG2 cells |
For isoorientin, DPPH radical scavenging activity IC50 was 9.5 μM, cytoprotection against peroxide-induced damage in HepG2 cells IC50 was 1.1 μM; for 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, the 2 values were 34.5 μM and 0.8 μM, respectively. | (Park et al., 2007) |
| Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc | Methanol extract of leaves; 201-hydroxypurpurin-7 δ-lactone esters | Apoptosis of human leukemia CMK-7 cells and colon adenocarcinoma Colo320 DM cells | Photodynamic induction of cell apoptosis. | (Kim et al., 2003) |