Table 3.
Gene | Protein | Function | Cellular processes |
---|---|---|---|
ACACA | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase α | Catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis; carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA | Lipogenesis |
GPAM | Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial | Catalyzes the first step in synthesis of glycerolipids; plays a role in the level of available cellular triglycerides | Lipogenesis, glycerolipid synthesis |
SLC27A4 | Solute carrier family 27a4 | Translocates long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane | Lipid transport |
ABCD2 | ATP-binding cassette D2 | Peroxisomal import of fatty acids and fatty acyl-CoA | Lipid transport, peroxisomal β-oxidation |
ACOX1 | Acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl | Catalyzes first desaturation step in β-oxidation of fatty acids; donates electrons to O2 leading to production of H2O2 | Peroxisomal β-oxidation |
CPT1A | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A | Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane | Mitochondrial β-oxidation |
CPT2 | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 | Mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids | Mitochondrial β-oxidation |
FXR | Farnesoid X-activated receptor | Bile acid receptor that regulates the expression of genes involved in bile acid transport and synthesis | Bile acid transport, bile acid synthesis |
LXR | Liver X receptor | Obligate heterodimeric binding partner of RXRs; involved in cholesterol homeostasis and innate immunity | Cholesterol homeostasis, innate immunity, RXR activation |
Modified from [379].