TABLE 1.

Summary of Effects of Anti-TNFα Treatment on NM-Induced Lung Histopathology

	CTL		Days Post NM
			3		7		28
	PBS	Anti-TNFα	PBS	Anti-TNFα	PBS	Anti-TNFα	PBS	Anti-TNFα
No. of rats	11	7	7	5	7	5	4	5
Acute inflammation	0.3 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	2.7 ± 0.2a	1.4 ± 0.6	1.9 ± 0.5a	1.2 ± 0.4	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0
Macrophage infiltration	1.3 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.3	2.9 ± 0.1a	1.8 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.1a	2.2 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.5a	2.0 ± 0.0
Interstitial thickening	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	2.7 ± 0.2a	1.8 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.2a	2.2 ± 0.2b	2.5 ± 0.3a	1.4 ± 0.5
Edema	0.5 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.2a	1.8 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.1a	2.6 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.5
Goblet cell hyperplasia	0.0 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.3a	1.6 ± 0.6	2.6 ± 0.2a	0.8 ± 0.4b	1.5 ± 0.6a	0.4 ± 0.4
Bronchial epithelium hypertrophy and hyperplasia	0.0 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.2a	1.4 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.2a	1.0 ± 0.5b	2.8 ± 0.3a	1.2 ± 0.6
Fibrin	0.2 ± 0.1	0.0 ± 0.0	2.9 ± 0.1a	1.6 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.6
Squamous cell metaplasia	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	2.4 ± 0.2a	1.8 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.6a	1.0 ± 0.6b	1.5 ± 0.5	0.8 ± 0.4
Mesothelial proliferation	0.1 ± 0.1	0.0 ± 0.0	1.6 ± 0.2a	0.6 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.4a	0.8 ± 0.4b	1.0 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.2
Emphysema	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	2.1 ± 0.4a	1.4 ± 0.6	3.4 ± 0.2a	1.4 ± 0.5b	2.8 ± 0.3a	2.0 ± 0.4
Bronchiectasis	0.0 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.2a	1.6 ± 0.7	3.1 ± 0.5a	0.8 ± 0.6b	2.8 ± 0.3a	2.2 ± 0.6
Fibrosis	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	2.3 ± 0.3a	0.6 ± 0.4b	2.0 ± 0.4a	1.4 ± 0.5
Collagen deposits	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	2.1 ± 0.2a	1.4 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.2a	1.0 ± 0.0	2.5 ± 0.3a	1.2 ± 0.3b

Histopathologic changes were quantified in H&E stained sections as described in the Materials and Methods. Collagen deposits were assessed in trichrome stained sections. CTL, combined means ± SE of data collected 3, 7, and 28 days post PBS control (CTL) treatment of rats administered PBS or PBS + Anti-TNFα. Days post NM, mean ± SE of NM or NM + Anti-TNFα treated rats 3, 7, or 28 days post NM exposure. One-way ANOVA comparing mean of each group to other groups using Tukey’s test was used to calculate p values.

^aSignificantly (p ≤ .05) different from CTL.

^bSignificantly different (p ≤ .05) from NM + PBS-treated rats at the same post NM exposure time.