Figure 4.
The downstream signals of Akt. Akt stimulates cell growth and proliferation through mTORC1. Akt phosphorylates BAD, epherin receptor, MEKK3, eNOS and MDM2, and up-regulates the activities of these proteins. Direct phosphorylation of caspase-9, YAP, MLK3, GSK3 and FoxO by Akt results in inhibitions of their enzymatic activities. The action of Akt on its downstream targets determines its function in cardiovascular processes such as cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, vasorelaxation, and cell metabolism.