Figure 3. Comparison of the number of particles trapped by large and small acoustic wavelengths.
A field with a characteristic wavelength on the order of the captured cell or particle diameter is required to pattern them individually. Looking at the simplified one-dimensional case, (a) given a relatively large wavelength (), multiple particles can cohabit in the same nodal position. (c) Although other considerations addressed in the text are important, individual particles can be spatially isolated given a small-enough acoustic wavelength proportional to the particle diameter (λ∼D). (b,d) The practical realization in a 2D field of these different regimes, patterning 10-μm particles in a 2.5-MHz field (reproduced with permission from ref. 26, Copyright 2007, Acoustical Society of America) and a 100-MHz one (from this work). Scale bar, 300 (b); 36 μm (d). Adapted from ref. 70.