. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015 Oct 9;54(12):977–983. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.09.010

TABLE 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Callous-Unemotional (CU) Traits and Caregiving Qualities by Group and Sex

	NIG		EIG		Group differences^a	FCG		CAUG		Group differences^a
	Boys (n = 21)	Girls (n = 29)	Boys (n = 50)	Girls (n = 45)	Group differences^a	Boys (n = 24)	Girls (n = 24)	Boys (n = 26)	Girls (n = 21)	Group differences^a
CU traits	17.87 (7.96)	16.90 (7.86)	24.20 (10.89)	22.16 (9.15)	EIG boys > NIG girls, NIG boys; EIG girls > NIG girls	20.38 (9.39)	22.42 (8.11)	27.74 (11.14)	21.86 (10.41)	CAUG boys > CAUG girls, FCG boys
Above CU cutoff, n (%)	1 (5)	1 (3)	9 (18)	4 (9)	EIG boys > NIG girls	1 (4)	1 (4)	8 (31)	3 (14)	CAUG boys > CAUG girls, FCG boys
Caregiver warmth	2.68 (0.64)	2.57 (0.76)	2.53 (0.57)	2.53 (0.74)	—	2.70 (0.64)	2.89 (0.71)	2.38 (0.46)	2.21 (0.66)	FCG girls > CAUG boys, CAUG girls
Caregiver responsiveness to distress	2.45 (0.82)	2.65 (0.68)	2.54 (0.67)	2.50 (0.78)	—	2.72 (0.75)	2.67 (0.83)	2.38 (0.75)	2.31 (0.68)	—

Note: Data are shown as mean (SD) except where noted. CAUG = care-as-usual group; EIG = ever-institutionalized group; FCG = foster care group; NIG = never-institutionalized group.

Group differences were determined using pairwise comparisons following 4-group categorical coding and least-significant differences post hoc test at p < .05.