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. 2015 Nov 26;5:85. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00085

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Staphylococcus aureus induction of inflammatory mediator production by osteoblasts and participation in the recruitment/activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Staphylococcus aureus interaction with osteoblasts increases the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, the production and release of IL-6, IL-12 and the expression and release of chemokines CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF. It also increases the expression and production of CD40 and MHC II. All of this participates to the recruitment and activation of innate (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages) and adaptive (lymphocytes) immune cells.