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. 2015 Nov 26;5:85. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00085

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Staphylococcus aureus induction of osteoblast death. Staphylococcus aureus can cause the necrosis of osteoblasts through the release of membrane-damaging virulence factors such as PSMs. It can also induce the apoptosis of osteoblasts through intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways. Both can lead to the release of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus, which can re-infect other osteoblasts.