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. 2015 Nov 26;5:16781. doi: 10.1038/srep16781

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(a) Experimental design for Asocial treatment. Each participant built six baskets in succession (A–F; rounds of building indicated by grey cells; time given in minutes). At each round of building, up to two of the participant’s previous baskets were left on display. (b,c) Experimental design in the three transmission chain treatments. Participants (from 1 to 6) are engaged in different roles (identified by shadings) in particular time windows. Grey cells represent participants engaged in building. White cells represent (b) participants’ baskets on display in Emulation chains or previous participants teaching builders in Teaching chains; (c) participants observing builders in Imitation chains.