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Inhibitory effects of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, ketamine, buprenorphine, and diclofenac on 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronide formation by human liver microsomes. Panels to the right show inhibitor concentrations. Each bar represents the mean percentage activity relative to control ± standard error of mean for three independent measurements (n = 3). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett test. *P < 0.05 versus control (no inhibitor)
