Table 6.
Academic resilience scale (vicarious vignette) item summary statistics by academic self-efficacy (ASE) group.
| Item | Mean (SD) | Mean difference | Effect size d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 = disagree …5 = agree | Lower ASE (n = 100) | Higher ASE (n = 107) | ||
| 1. He should not accept the tutors' feedback | 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| (1.11) | (1.14) | |||
| 2. He should use the feedback to improve his work | 04.72 | 4.78 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
| (0.70) | (0.79) | |||
| 3. He should just give up | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| (0.59) | (0.62) | |||
| 4. He should use the situation to motivate himself | 4.43 | 4.53 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| (0.98) | (0.96) | |||
| 5. He should change his career plans | 1.01 | 1.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| (0.94) | (0.99) | |||
| 6. He would probably get annoyed | 1.25 | 0.90 | 0.35* | 0.33 |
| (1.17) | (0.92) | |||
| 7. He should begin to think his chances of success at university were poor | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
| (0.94) | (0.69) | |||
| 8. He should see the situation as a challenge | 4.24 | 4.29 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| (0.78) | (0.77) | |||
| 9. He should do his best to stop thinking negative thoughts | 4.37 | 4.46 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
| (0.90) | (0.90) | |||
| 10. He should see the situation as temporary | 4.01 | 3.98 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| (0.94) | (1.17) | |||
| 11. He should work harder | 4.43 | 4.67 | 0.24* | 0.32 |
| (0.83) | (0.67) | |||
| 12. He would probably get depressed | 1.41 | 1.27 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
| (1.10) | (1.00) | |||
| 13. He should try to think of new solutions | 4.21 | 4.35 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
| (0.88) | (0.85) | |||
| 14. He would be very disappointed | 2.73 | 2.70 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| (1.24) | (1.24) | |||
| 15. He should blame the tutor | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.30* | 0.34 |
| (1.05) | (0.67) | |||
| 16. He should keep trying | 4.73 | 4.83 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
| (0.69) | (0.61) | |||
| 17. He should not change his long-term goals and ambitions | 4.30 | 4.32 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| (0.91) | (0.90) | |||
| 18. He should use his past successes to help motivate himself | 4.58 | 4.63 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| (0.68) | (0.68) | |||
| 19. He should begin to think his chances of getting the job he wants were poor | 0.85 | 0.67 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| (1.13) | (0.85) | |||
| 20. He should start to monitor and evaluate his achievements and effort | 4.29 | 4.42 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
| (0.86) | (0.79) | |||
| 21. He should seek help from his tutors | 4.75 | 4.86 | 0.11 | 0.20 |
| (0.61) | (0.50) | |||
| 22. He should give himself encouragement | 4.56 | 4.74 | 0.18 | 0.27 |
| (0.70) | (0.65) | |||
| 23. He should stop himself from panicking | 4.35 | 4.46 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| (0.80) | (0.77) | |||
| 24. He should try different ways to study | 4.44 | 4.56 | 0.21* | 0.16 |
| (0.80) | (0.66) | |||
| 25. He should set his own goals for achievement | 4.45 | 4.54 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| (0.74) | (0.73) | |||
| 26. He should seek encouragement from his family and friends | 4.34 | 4.51 | 0.17 | 0.20 |
| (0.82) | (0.81) | |||
| 27. He should try to think more about his strengths and weaknesses to help him work better | 4.54 | 4.64 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
| (0.70) | (0.62) | |||
| 28. He should feel like everything was ruined and was going wrong | 1.05 | 0.80 | 0.25 | 0.22 |
| (1.22) | (1.10) | |||
| 29. He should start to self-impose rewards and punishments depending on his performance | 3.14 | 3.10 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| (1.18) | (1.16) | |||
| 30. He should look forward to showing that he can improve my grades | 4.53 | 4.64 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
| (0.76) | (0.69) | |||
*
p < 0.05, F(1, 205) for univariate tests.