TABLE 1.
Studies supporting reciprocal regulation of DAT by phosphorylation and palmitoylation
The indicated reference numbers (parentheses) demonstrate changes in the level of DA transport activity or PKC-stimulated transport down-regulation with parallel analysis of DAT phosphorylation (phosph) or palmitoylation (palm) (direction of changes are indicated by arrows). BoNT/C, botulinum neurotoxin C.
| Treatment/condition | Transport reducing conditions |
Transport increasing conditions |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↑ phosph | ↓ palm | ↓ uptake | ↓ phosph | ↑ palm | ↑ uptake | |
| Phosphorylation modulators | PMA (8,9,16, 19,20, 21, 22) | PMA (Fig. 2) | PMA (8,9,16a, 21, 22) | BIM (8,9) | BIM (Fig. 2) | BIM (↓ down-reg) (9) |
| OAG (9) | OAG (9) | Stauro (8,9) | Stauro (↓ down-reg) (8,9) | |||
| SubstanceP (21) | SubstanceP (21) | |||||
| OA (9,19) | OA (Fig. 2) | OA (9, 21) | BonT/C (37) | BonT/C (37) | ||
| AMPH (22) | AMPH (22) | |||||
| Palmitoylation modulators | 2BP (Fig. 2) | 2BP (17) | 2BP (17a) | DHHC2 (Fig. 3) | DHHC2 (30) | DHHC2 (30a) |
| Mutations | C580A (Fig. 1) | C580A (17, Fig. 1) | C580A ↓ Vmax (Fig. 4a) (↑ down-reg) (17Fig. 5)a) | S7A (20) | S7A (Fig. 1) | S7A ↑ Vmax (Fig. 4a) (↓ down-reg) (Fig. 5a) |
a Studies showing the presence of transport up- or down-regulation when DAT endocytosis was blocked or when surface levels did not change.