Table 2. Risk of study outcomes by adding pentoxifylline in ACEI/ARB treatment among pre-dialysis stage 5 CKD patients.
| Pentoxifyllineuser | Pentoxifyllinenonuser | User vs. nonuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | IR | n | IR | Crude HR | Adjusted HR† | Adjusted HR* | |
| Long-term dialysis | |||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 1612 | 73.0 | 8255 | 69.6 | 1.04 (0.98–1.09) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) | 0.94 (0.89–1.01) |
| ARB monotherapy | 1057 | 72.6 | 4817 | 72.5 | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) |
| ACEI monotherapy | 345 | 72.1 | 2279 | 62.7 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) |
| ACEI and ARB combination | 210 | 76.2 | 1159 | 73.3 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
| Death | |||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 409 | 18.5 | 2396 | 20.2 | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) |
| ARB monotherapy | 232 | 15.9 | 1193 | 18 | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 0.90(0.78–1.04) | 0.90 (0.77–1.05) |
| ACEI monotherapy | 97 | 20.3 | 791 | 21.8 | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 1.06 (0.86–1.32) | 1.09 (0.86–1.37) |
| ACEI and ARB combination | 80 | 29 | 412 | 26.1 | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) |
| Long–term dialysis or death | |||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 2021 | 91.5 | 10651 | 89.8 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) |
| ARB monotherapy | 1289 | 88.6 | 6010 | 90.5 | 0.97 (0.92–1.04) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) |
| ACEI monotherapy | 442 | 92.4 | 3070 | 84.4 | 1.09 (0.98–1.2) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 0.99 (0.89–1.11) |
| ACEI and ARB combination | 290 | 105.2 | 1571 | 99.4 | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; IR: incidence rate, per 100 person-years.