Table 3.

HDL functional assay.

These tests explore HDL pleiotropic effects as a biomarker of HDL function as the measurement of HDL–LCAT enzyme activity within the plasma compartment. Another test is measurement of cholesterol efflux. RCT assays enable the measurement of cholesterol from macrophages to feces. Non-radioactive assays aim to quantify lipid poor apoA-I or cholesterol exchange to lipid poor apoA-I. Assays of antioxidant capacity of HDL involve: inflammatory index and monocyte chemotactic assay. Paraoxonase activity and HDL associated myeloperoxidase in vitro assays. Assays for the endothelial effects of HDL on endothelial NO and superoxide production and endothelial repair capacity were also discussed.

HDL–LCAT functional assay	Figure
• LCAT mass: exogenous activity [65], [66], [119]	6
• LCAT fractional esterification rate: endogenous activity [113], [114]	7
Cholesterol efflux assays
• Measure of cholesterol efflux [130]	8
• Fluorescence efflux assay using BODIPY-cholesterol [137], [138]	8
Non-radioactive assays for cholesterol exchange into lipid poor apoA-I	12
• Fluorescent apoA-I assay [198], [199]
• TR-FRET version [140]
• Spin-label electron magnetic resonance [142]
Assays of HDL anti-inflammatory and functions of HDL
Assays of anti-inflammatory functions of HDL
• MCP1 production: inflammatory index [145], [146], [153]	13
• Monocyte chemotactic assay [144]	14
Assays of antioxidant functions of HDL
• Cell free assay [151], [152], [153]	15
• HDL associated PON1 assays [146], [156], [157]	16
• HDL associated MPO assays [12], [141]	17
Vascular endothelial cell function and HDL
• NO [10], [158], [169], [170], [171]	18
• eNOS [13], [168], [172]	19
• ICAM/VCAM [13]	20
• Endothelial cell [13]	21