Table 2.
Social and physical environmental factors according to area.
| Variables | Urban (N = 115,454) | Rural (N = 84,336) | p * |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Social environment | |||
| Trust neighbors (yes) | 67,965 (58.9) | 68,146 (80.8) | <0.001 |
| Years of residence | |||
| Under 5 years | 18,011 (15.6) | 7787 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| 5–9 years | 13,684 (11.9) | 6138 (7.3) | |
| 10–14 years | 13,079 (11.3) | 4976 (5.9) | |
| 15–19 years | 10,428 (9.0) | 4252 (5.0) | |
| Over 20 years | 60,252 (52.2) | 61,183 (72.5) | |
| Exchange of help with neighbors (yes) | 40,524 (35.1) | 67,642 (80.2) | <0.001 |
| Religious participation (yes) | 34,239 (29.7) | 22,136 (26.2) | <0.001 |
| Friend and fellowship activities (yes) | 67,336 (58.3) | 50,124 (59.4) | <0.001 |
| Leisure groups/organizations (yes) | 37,058 (32.1) | 17,307 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Volunteer work/activities (yes) | 9749 (8.4) | 6465 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Frequency of contact with relatives | |||
| Under once/month | 42,571 (36.9) | 22,470 (26.6) | <0.001 |
| 2~4 times/month | 35,444 (30.7) | 25,273 (30.0) | |
| Over 5 times/month | 37,439 (32.4) | 36,593 (43.4) | |
| Frequency of contact with neighbors | |||
| Under once/month | 58,843 (51.0) | 13,076 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| 2~4 times per month | 19,246 (16.7) | 11,046 (13.1) | |
| Over 5 times/month | 37,365 (32.4) | 60,214 (71.4) | |
| Frequency of friends contact | |||
| Under once/month | 35,286(30.6) | 31,386 (37.2) | <0.001 |
| 2~4 times/month | 32,181 (27.9) | 18,814 (22.3) | |
| Over 5 times/month | 47,987 (41.6) | 34,136 (40.5) | |
| Physical environment satisfaction | |||
| Overall safety (yes) | 82,369 (71.3) | 72,404 (85.9) | <0.001 |
| Natural (yes) | 86,873 (75.2) | 74,561 (88.4) | <0.001 |
| Living (yes) | 90,522 (78.4) | 67,143 (79.6) | <0.001 |
| Traffic (yes) | 88,042 (76.3) | 48,162 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Health services access (yes) | 82,753 (71.7) | 47,976 (56.9) | <0.001 |
Note: * Significance according to chi-square test between urban and rural areas.