Table 3.
Prevalence ratios (PRs) of social and physical environment factors and poor SRH.
| Variables | Urban | Rural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |||||
| PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
| Social environment | ||||||||
| Trust of neighbors (no) | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | 1.12 | 1.11–1.13 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | 1.15 | 1.14–1.27 |
| Years of residence | ||||||||
| Under 5 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 5–9 years | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 |
| 10–14 years | 1.04 | 1.02–1.06 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.06 | 0.97 | 0.94–1.00 |
| 15–19 years | 1.00 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.01 | 0.96 | 0.93–1.00 |
| Over 20 years | 1.14 | 1.12–1.16 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | 1.27 | 1.24–1.30 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.01 |
| Exchange of help with neighbors (no) | 0.95 | 0.94–0.96 | 1.08 | 1.07–1.09 | 0.90 | 0.89–0.91 | 1.12 | 1.10–1.13 |
| Religious participation (no) | 0.96 | 0.95–0.97 | 1.05 | 1.04–1.06 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 1.04 | 1.02–1.05 |
| Friend and fellowship activities (no) | 1.09 | 1.08–1.10 | 1.12 | 1.11–1.13 | 1.18 | 1.17–1.19 | 1.10 | 1.09–1.11 |
| Leisure groups/organizations (no) | 1.33 | 1.31–1.34 | 1.20 | 1.19–1.21 | 1.41 | 1.39–1.43 | 1.15 | 1.13–1.17 |
| Volunteer work/activities (no) | 1.17 | 1.14–1.19 | 1.14 | 1.12–1.16 | 1.28 | 1.24–1.31 | 1.13 | 1.10–1.16 |
| Frequency of relatives contact | ||||||||
| Under once/month | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2~4 times/month | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.97–0.99 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 |
| Over 5 times/month | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.98 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.98 |
| Frequency of neighbors contact | ||||||||
| Under once/month | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2~4 times/month | 1.03 | 1.02–1.05 | 0.96 | 0.94–0.97 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.05 | 0.91 | 0.90–0.93 |
| Over 5 times/month | 1.13 | 1.12–1.14 | 0.94 | 0.93–0.95 | 1.16 | 1.14–1.18 | 0.89 | 0.87–0.90 |
| Frequency of friends contact | ||||||||
| Under once/month | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2~4 times/month | 0.85 | 0.84–0.86 | 0.94 | 0.93–0.95 | 0.83 | 0.82–0.85 | 0.96 | 0.94–0.97 |
| Over 5 times/month | 0.80 | 0.79–0.81 | 0.89 | 0.88–0.90 | 0.82 | 0.81–0.83 | 0.93 | 0.92–0.94 |
| Physical environment satisfaction | ||||||||
| Overall safety (no) | 1.09 | 1.08–1.10 | 1.13 | 1.12–1.14 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.03 | 1.16 | 1.14–1.18 |
| Natural (no) | 1.09 | 1.08–1.10 | 1.12 | 1.11–1.13 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.04 | 1.11 | 1.09–1.12 |
| Living (no) | 1.08 | 1.07–1.09 | 1.12 | 1.11–1.13 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.01 | 1.09 | 1.07–1.10 |
| Traffic (no) | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | 1.07 | 1.06–1.08 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 1.05 | 1.04–1.06 |
| Healthcare facilities (no) | 1.06 | 1.04–1.07 | 1.10 | 1.08–1.11 | 0.98 | 0.97–0.99 | 1.06 | 1.05–1.07 |
Notes: PR = prevalence ratio; CI = confidence interval; Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, education attainment, living arrangements, smoking, alcohol and physical activity; self-rated health categorized as poor health (medium/poor/very poor) and better health (very good/good).