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. 2015 Nov 12;12(11):14329–14341. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121114329

Table 3.

Prevalence ratios (PRs) of social and physical environment factors and poor SRH.

Variables Urban Rural
Crude Adjusted Crude Adjusted
PR 95% CI PR 95% CI PR 95% CI PR 95% CI
Social environment
Trust of neighbors (no) 1.04 1.03–1.05 1.12 1.11–1.13 0.97 0.96–0.99 1.15 1.14–1.27
Years of residence
Under 5 years 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
5–9 years 1.05 1.03–1.07 1.00 0.99–1.02 1.03 1.00–1.06 0.99 0.96–1.02
10–14 years 1.04 1.02–1.06 0.99 0.97–1.01 1.03 0.99–1.06 0.97 0.94–1.00
15–19 years 1.00 0.97–1.02 0.97 0.95–0.99 0.97 0.93–1.01 0.96 0.93–1.00
Over 20 years 1.14 1.12–1.16 0.97 0.96–0.99 1.27 1.24–1.30 0.99 0.96–1.01
Exchange of help with neighbors (no) 0.95 0.94–0.96 1.08 1.07–1.09 0.90 0.89–0.91 1.12 1.10–1.13
Religious participation (no) 0.96 0.95–0.97 1.05 1.04–1.06 1.00 0.99–1.01 1.04 1.02–1.05
Friend and fellowship activities (no) 1.09 1.08–1.10 1.12 1.11–1.13 1.18 1.17–1.19 1.10 1.09–1.11
Leisure groups/organizations (no) 1.33 1.31–1.34 1.20 1.19–1.21 1.41 1.39–1.43 1.15 1.13–1.17
Volunteer work/activities (no) 1.17 1.14–1.19 1.14 1.12–1.16 1.28 1.24–1.31 1.13 1.10–1.16
Frequency of relatives contact
Under once/month 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2~4 times/month 1.01 1.00–1.02 0.98 0.97–0.99 1.00 0.99–1.01 0.99 0.97–1.00
Over 5 times/month 1.02 1.01–1.03 0.97 0.96–0.98 1.00 0.99–1.02 0.97 0.96–0.98
Frequency of neighbors contact
Under once/month 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2~4 times/month 1.03 1.02–1.05 0.96 0.94–0.97 1.02 1.00–1.05 0.91 0.90–0.93
Over 5 times/month 1.13 1.12–1.14 0.94 0.93–0.95 1.16 1.14–1.18 0.89 0.87–0.90
Frequency of friends contact
Under once/month 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2~4 times/month 0.85 0.84–0.86 0.94 0.93–0.95 0.83 0.82–0.85 0.96 0.94–0.97
Over 5 times/month 0.80 0.79–0.81 0.89 0.88–0.90 0.82 0.81–0.83 0.93 0.92–0.94
Physical environment satisfaction
Overall safety (no) 1.09 1.08–1.10 1.13 1.12–1.14 1.02 1.00–1.03 1.16 1.14–1.18
Natural (no) 1.09 1.08–1.10 1.12 1.11–1.13 1.03 1.01–1.04 1.11 1.09–1.12
Living (no) 1.08 1.07–1.09 1.12 1.11–1.13 1.00 0.98–1.01 1.09 1.07–1.10
Traffic (no) 1.04 1.03–1.05 1.07 1.06–1.08 0.99 0.98–1.00 1.05 1.04–1.06
Healthcare facilities (no) 1.06 1.04–1.07 1.10 1.08–1.11 0.98 0.97–0.99 1.06 1.05–1.07

Notes: PR = prevalence ratio; CI = confidence interval; Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, education attainment, living arrangements, smoking, alcohol and physical activity; self-rated health categorized as poor health (medium/poor/very poor) and better health (very good/good).