Table 1.
Demographic and anthropometrical characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Men (n = 2892) | Women (n = 3027) | p values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 57.23 ± 10.63 | 57.35 ± 9.87 | 0.647 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.37 ± 3.53 | 25.75 ± 3.77 | <0.001 |
| Diet score | 2.53 ± 1.12 | 2.08 ± 1.10 | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration (h/d) | 7.45 ± 1.71 | 7.03 ± 1.79 | <0.001 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 159.06 ± 19.04 | 158.66 ± 20.23 | 0.433 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) # | 158.18 ± 17.42 | 157.01 ± 16.50 | 0.029 |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 90.26 ± 11.17 | 87.46 ± 11.00 | <0.001 |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) # | 89.75 ± 10.60 | 86.68 ± 10.17 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.14 ± 1.86 | 6.18 ± 1.92 | 0.413 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) ## | 5.98 ± 1.49 | 5.94 ± 1.55 | 0.307 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.31 ± 1.05 | 5.52 ± 1.16 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.80 ± 1.76 | 1.86 ± 1.55 | 0.122 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.99 ± 0.82 | 3.16 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.43 ± 0.45 | 1.41 ± 0.36 | 0.240 |
| Current smoking status, % | 1551 (53.6) | 525 (17.3) | <0.001 |
| Current drinking status, % | 1352 (46.7) | 98 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | 0.347 | ||
| Han | 2742 (94.8) | 2862 (94.5) | |
| Others * | 150 (5.2) | 165 (5.5) | |
| Educational status | <0.001 | ||
| Primary school or below | 1303 (45.1) | 1999 (66.0) | |
| Middle school | 1249 (43.2) | 848 (28.0) | |
| High school or above | 340 (11.8) | 180 (5.9) | |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | ||
| Light | 783 (27.1) | 1229 (40.6) | |
| Moderate | 1935 (66.9) | 1626 (53.7) | |
| Severe | 174 (6.0) | 172 (5.7) | |
| Annual income (CNY/year) | 0.006 | ||
| ≤5000 | 439 (15.2) | 468 (15.5) | |
| 5000–20,000 | 1569 (54.3) | 1746 (57.7) | |
| >20,000 | 884 (30.6) | 813 (26.9) |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or as n (%). Abbreviations: CNY, China Yuan (1 CNY = 0.161 USD); * Including some ethnic minorities in China, such as Mongol and Manchu; # exclude those already in hypertension medication; ## exclude those those already in diabetes medication.