Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between health behaviours and poor academic performance in English Language Arts. Models were adjusted for household education and income, models with dietary exposures were further adjusted for energy intake.
| Univariate | Adjusted | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Individual Associations | ||
| Diet Quality Index | ||
| Low tertile | 5.16 (1.92–13.83) | 4.26 (1.28–14.22) |
| Medium tertile | 1.70 (0.62–4.69) | 1.18 (0.37–3.73) |
| High tertile | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Youth Healthy Eating Index | ||
| Low tertile | 4.03 (1.56–10.42) | 3.22 (1.02–10.12) |
| Medium tertile | 2.19 (1.07–4.47) | 1.48 (0.62–3.56) |
| High tertile | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Meets Fruit & Vegetable Intake Recommendations | ||
| No | 1.83 (0.73–4.57) | 1.46 (0.49–4.36) |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Meets Dairy Intake Recommendations | ||
| No | 0.97 (0.46–2.04) | 0.73 (0.31–1.71) |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| ≥1 Sugar-Sweetened Beverage per Day | ||
| Yes | 3.18 (1.51–6.71) | 2.42 (1.10–5.34) |
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Skips Breakfast | ||
| Yes | 0.72 (0.28–1.89) | 0.87 (0.29–2.60) |
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children | ||
| Low tertile | 2.49 (1.41–4.39) | 2.10 (1.02–4.34) |
| Medium tertile | 1.08 (0.62–1.88) | 0.92 (0.47–1.81) |
| High tertile | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Physically Active without Instructor <4×/Week | ||
| Yes | 3.59 (1.05–12.21) | 3.10 (0.73–13.20) |
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Physically Active with Instructor <4×/Week | ||
| Yes | 1.22 (0.73–2.04) | 1.25 (0.75–2.10) |
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| >2 h of Screentime | ||
| Yes | 1.08 (0.53–2.21) | 0.77 (0.40–1.50) |
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Physically Active at Morning Recess | ||
| No | 1.34 (0.74–2.44) | 1.08 (0.55–2.13) |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Physically Active after School | ||
| No | 1.46 (0.69–3.09) | 1.43 (0.61–3.34) |
| Yes | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Combined Associations | ||
| Diet Quality Index | ||
| Low tertile | 4.79 (1.61–14.24) | 4.41 (1.19–16.36) |
| Medium tertile | 1.65 (0.55–4.93) | 1.18 (0.37–3.82) |
| High tertile | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children | ||
| Low tertile | 2.54 (1.37–4.72) | 2.15 (1.14–4.06) |
| Medium tertile | 1.06 (0.52–2.13) | 0.89 (0.44–1.82) |
| High tertile | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| >2 h of Screentime | ||
| Yes | 1.24 (0.63–2.41) | 1.69 (0.87–3.28) |
| No | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |