Table 5.
The effects of some antioxidants/plants on toxins-induced liver damage.
| Model (Prevent/Treatment) | Antioxidant/Plant | Effects | Dose/(Dose–Effect) | Bioactive Compounds | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Coptidis rhizome and berberine | ↑ SOD; ↓ ALT, AST, Erk1/2 | Berberine: 120 mg/kg b.w. Extract: 800 mg/kg b.w. | Berberine | [10] |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Friedelin isolated from Azima tetracantha leaves | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px; ↓ ALT, AST, LDH | [59] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Treatment) | N-butanol fraction of Actinidias deliciosa roots | ↑ GSH; ↓ ALT, AST, MDA | (Dose–effect) | Oleanolic acid | [167] |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Silybum marianum seeds | ↑ GSH; HDL/LDL; hepatoprotection | 100 mg/kg b.w. | [168] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Dioclea reflexa seeds | ↑ SOD, CAT; ↓ Transaminases, MDA | 5 mg/kg (acute) 2.5 mg/kg b.w. (chronic) | [169] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Morus bombycis, 2,5-dihydroxy-4,3′-di (β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-trans-stilbene | ↓ Lipid peroxidation; hepatoprotection | 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [170,171] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Nigella sativa, Urticadioica | ↑ Antioxidant enzyme; ↓ lipid peroxidation; hepatoprotection | Nigella sativa: 0.2 mg/mL Urtica dioica: 0.2 mg/mL | [172] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Pleurotusostreatus (oyster mushroom) | ↑ GSH, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px; ↓ ALT, AST, ALP, MDA | 200 mg/kg b.w. | [173] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Cytisusscoparius | ↑ GSH, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GST, GRD; ↓ ALT, AST, LDH | 250 and 500 mg/kg (No dose–effect) | [174] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Ethanol extract of Phellinusmerrillii | ↑ CAT, SOD, GSH-Px; ↓ ALT, AST | 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [175] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Ginkgo biloba | ↑ GSH, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GRD, albumin; hepatoprotection | 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [176] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (Prevent) | Protein isolate from Phyllanthus niruri | ↑ SOD, CAT; ↓ ALT, ALP; lipid peroxidation | 5 mg/kg b.w. | [177] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (Prevent) | Kahweol and cafestol (Coffee) | ↓ ALT, AST, cytochrome P450 2E1, lipid peroxidation | Kahweol or cafestol: 10–100 mg/kg b.w. (Dose–effect) | Kahweol and cafestol | [178] |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Cirsium setidens | ↑ GSH-Px; SOD; hepatoprotection | 500 mg/kg b.w. | [179] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Curcumin and saikosaponin A | ↑ SOD, GSH; ↓ MDA; hepatoprotection | [180] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Ethanolic extract of Momordica tuberosa tubers | Antioxidation, hepatoprotection | [181] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Oregano and rosemary | ↓ AST, ALT, ALP; antioxidation | 20 g/kg b.w. | [182] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Enicostemma axillare | Antioxidation, hepatoprotection | 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [139] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Ficuscarica leaves and fruits, Morus alba root barks | ↑ CAT, SOD, GSH; ↓ MDA, AST, ALT, ALP | 50 and 150 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [183] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Podophyllum hexandrum | ↑ GSH, GSH-Px, GRD, SOD, GST; ↓ AST, ALT, LDH | 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [184] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Ficusreligiosa roots | ↑ CAT, GSH-Px, GRD, SOD, GST; ↓ lipid peroxidation; hepatoprotection | [185] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Dehydroabietylamine, Carthamus tinctorious | ↓ AST, ALT, ALP; antioxidation | [186] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Artemetin, Vitexglabrata | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH-Px; ↓ AST, ALT, ALP, lipid peroxidation, TB | [187] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (Prevent) | Blueberry anthocyanins | ↑ SOD, CAT, GRD, glycogen; ↓ AST, ALT, MDA | [188] | ||
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Matricaria chamomilla | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH; ↓ AST, ALT, MDA | 50, 100 and 200 mL/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [189] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (Prevent) | Lysimachia clethroides | ↑ SOD; ↓ AST, ALT, MDA | 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [190] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Garcinia indica fruit rind | ↑ SOD, CAT, GRD, GSH-Px, GSH; ↓ AST, ALT, MDA | 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [191] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Agaricus blazei | ↑ GSH, GRD; ↓ AST, ALT, MDA | 500 mg/kg b.w. | [192] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Nerium oleander flowers | ↑ SOD; ↓ AST, ALT, ALP, MDA | 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [193] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Hybanthus enneaspermus | ↓ AST, ALT, ALP, TB; antioxidation | 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [194] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (Treatment) | Anthocyanins in black rice bran | ↑ SOD, GSH-Px; hepatoprotection | 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [195] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Roureainduta | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px; ↓ AST, ALT, total bilirubin; | 500 mg/kg b.w. | [196] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds | ↑ SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, CAT; ↓ lipid accumulation, liver injury, DNA damage | 400 mg/kg b.w. | Proanthocyanidins | [197] |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in mice (Prevent) | Veronica ciliata | ↑ SOD, GSH; ↓ ALT, AST, ALP | 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [198] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Subereamollis | ↑ SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, CAT; ↓ ALT, AST, ALP, MDA | 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [199] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Solanum xanthocarpum leaves | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH, GST; ↓ ALT, AST, ALP, LDH | 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [200] | |
| CCl4-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Allopurinol | Modulation of NF-κB, cytokine production and oxidative stress | 50 mg/kg b.w. | ||
| CCl4 and H2O2 induced liver damage in goat (Prevent) | Ocimumbasilicum, Trigonellafoenum-graecum | Antioxidation | [201] | ||
| TAA-induced liver injury (Prevent) | Genistein | ↑ GSH; ↓ MDA, ALT, AST, TB | 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [202] | |
| TAA-Induced liver Cirrhosis in rats (Prevent) | Andrographis paniculata Leaf | Hepato-protection, ↓ ROS, LDH | 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | [203] | |
| TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (Prevent) | coriander | Antioxidant; ↓ ALT, AST, ALP, TBARS, MPO, NO | Phenolic compounds | [204] | |
| TAA-induced fibrosis in mice (Treatment) | Ger-Gen-Chyn-Lian-Tang | Antioxidant; anti-fibrosis; modulation on TGF-β/TGF-β receptor signaling | 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w. (Dose–effect) | [205] | |
| TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (Treatment) | Trigonella foenum-graecum | Antioxidant; hepato-protection; ↓ ALP, MDA | [206] | ||
| TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (Treatment) | Allopurinol | Regulating cellular redox-sensitive transcription factors | [163] | ||
| Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage in liver of rats (Treatment) | Sesbania grandiflora leaves | ↑ SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, CAT, GST, GRD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; ↓ AST, ALT, ALP | 1000 mg/kg b.w. | [207] | |
| Cigarette smoking induced oxidative damage in liver of mice (Prevent) | Vitamin E and selenium | ↑ GSH-Px, Se-GSH-Px | [208] | ||
| Atrazine exposure rats (Prevent) | Vitamin E | ↑ SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GST; ↓ lipid peroxidation | [209] | ||
| Methidathion-induced liver injury in rats (Prevent) | Vitamins C and E | ↓ AST, ALT, ALP, MDA; | Vitamin E: 50 mg/kg b.w.;Vitamin C: 20 mg/kg b.w. | [210] | |
| Pesticide (chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin) induced hepatic damage in mice (Prevent) | Black tea | ↑ SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, CAT, GRD, GST; ↓ AST, ALT, ALP | 200 mg/mL b.w. | [211] | |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls induced hepatic damage in rats (Prevent) | α-Tocopherol | Antioxidation | 50 mg/kg. b.w. | [212] | |
| Aflatoxin-induced hepatic injury in rats (Prevent) | Urticadioica seed | ↑ SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GRD, GST; ↓ lipid peroxides, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxides | 2 mL/rat/day | [213] | |
| Thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in rats (Prevent) | eugenol | ↑ COX-2; ↓ AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, CYP2E1, lipid peroxidation; antioxidation | 10.7 mg/kg b.w. | [214] | |
| Lead-induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Ginger | ↑ SOD, CAT; ↓ MDA | 100 mg/kg b.w. | [215] | |
| Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic damage in rats (Prevent) | Anthocyanins from purple sweet potato | ↑ Nrf2, NADPH, GSH, GST; ↓ yclooxygenase-2, MDA | 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. (No dose–effect) | Anthocyanins | [151] |
| Cadmium-induced hepatic injury in rats (Prevent) | Heated garlic juice, ascorbic acid | ↑ Nrf2, SOD, CAT; ↓ MDA | Heated garlic juice: 100 mg/kg b.w.; Ascorbic acid: 100 mg/kg b.w. | Ascorbic acid | [152] |
| Potassium bromate-induced hepatotoxicity of rat (Prevent) | Launaea procumbens | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, GRD, GST | 200 mg/kg b.w. | [216] | |
| Dimethylnitrosamine induced liver fibrosis in rats (Prevent) | Platycodi radix root | ↑ Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, NADPH, NQO1, GST; ↓ ALT, AST; anti-fibrotic action | 200 mg/kg b.w. | Changkil | [153] |
| As2O3-induced hepatotoxicity in cat (Prevent) | Resveratrol | ↑ GSH; ↓ ROS, MDA | 3 mL/kg b.w. | [217] | |
| Sodiumarsenite induced liver damage in rats (Prevent) | Emblica officinalis | Antioxidation | 500 mg in 0.1 mL water, 100 g b.w. | [218] | |
| Trichloroacetic acid induced liver injury in rats (Prevent) | Date palm fruit | ↑ SOD, CAT, GSH-Px; ↓ MDA | 0.5 and 2 g/L b.w. (No dose–effect) | [219] |