Table 4.

The binding constant/stoichiometry and thermodynamic parameters for the binding of myricetin, fisetin, quercetin, kaempferol and galangin to ctDNA, as determined with ITC at 25 °C. “n”, possible number of binding sites; K_a, binding constant; ∆H, ∆S and ∆G, standard changes of enthalpy, entropy and Gibb’s free energy for per mole of respective flavonoid bound to ctDNA.

Flavonoid	Ka( M−1)	n	∆H (kJ/mol)	∆S (J/mol/k)	∆G (kJ/mol)
Myricetin	1.9 × 102	74.62	−49.21	−64.43	−30.01
Fisetin	0.9 × 102	66.50	−43.01	−58.18	−25.67
Quercetin	0.8 × 102	63.32	−39.81	−49.76	−24.98
Kaempferol	0.6 × 102	51.43	−31.76	−28.89	−23.15
Galangin	0.3 × 102	44.67	−22.25	−7.11	−20.13